km unimproved earth
_#_Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 100 total, 87 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 26 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: the small system is a combination of open-wire lines, radio relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; 17,900 telephones; stations—2 AM, 3 FM, no TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Botswana Defense Force (including Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police
_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 260,290; 137,038 fit for military service; 14,767 reach military age (18) annually
_#Defense expenditures: $99 million, 8.2% of GNP (1989) % @Bouvet Island (territory of Norway) *Geography #_Total area: 58 km2; land area: 58 km2
_#_Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
_#_Land boundaries: none
_#_Coastline: 29.6 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Territorial sea: 4 nm
_#_Climate: antarctic
_#_Terrain: volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 meters; coast is mostly inacessible
_#_Natural resources: none
_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100% (ice)
_#_Environment: covered by glacial ice
_#_Note: located in the South Atlantic Ocean 2,575 km south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa
_*People #_Population: uninhabited
_*Government #_Long-form name: none
_#_Type: territory of Norway
_*Economy #_Overview: no economic activity
_*Communications #_Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
_#_Telecommunications: automatic meteorological station
_*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of Norway % @Brazil *Geography #_Total area: 8,511,965 km2; land area: 8,456,510 km2; includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than the US
_#_Land boundaries: 14,691 km total; Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km
_#_Coastline: 7,491 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 200 nm
_#_Disputes: short section of the boundary with Paraguay (just west of Guaira Falls on the Rio Parana) is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with Uruguay are in dispute (Arroyo de la Invernada area of the Rio Quarai and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay); has noted possible Latin claims in Antarctica
_#_Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south
_#_Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
_#_Natural resources: iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium, phosphates, tin, hydropower, gold, platinum, crude oil, timber
_#_Land use: arable land 7%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 19%; forest and woodland 67%; other 6%; includes irrigated NEGL%
_#_Environment: recurrent droughts in northeast; floods and frost in south; deforestation in Amazon basin; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo
_#_Note: largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador
_*People #_Population: 155,356,073 (July 1991), growth rate 1.8% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 26 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 62 years male, 68 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Brazilian(s); adjective—Brazilian
_#_Ethnic divisions: Portuguese, Italian, German, Japanese, black, Amerindian; white 55%, mixed 38%, black 6%, other 1%
_#_Religion: Roman Catholic (nominal) 90%
_#_Language: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
_#_Literacy: 81% (male 82%, female 80%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
_#_Labor force: 57,000,000 (1989 est.); services 42%, agriculture 31%, industry 27%
_#_Organized labor: 13,000,000 dues paying members (1989 est.)
_*Government #_Long-form name: Federative Republic of Brazil
_#_Type: federal republic
_#_Capital: Brasilia
_#_Administrative divisions: 26 states (estados, singular—estado)
and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa,
Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias,
Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para,
Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do
Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao
Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins; note—the former territories of Amapa and
Roraima became states in January 1991
_#_Independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
_#_Constitution: 5 October 1988
_#_Legal system: based on Latin codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
_#_Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet
_#_Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congresso
Nacional) consists of an upper chamber or Federal Senate (Senado
Federal) and a lower chamber or Chamber of Deputies (Camara dos
Deputados)
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Federal Tribunal
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government—President Fernando
Affonso COLLOR de Mello (since 15 March 1990); Vice President
Itamar FRANCO (since 15 March 1990)
_#_Political parties and leaders:
National Reconstruction Party (PRN), Daniel TOURINHO, president;
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Orestes QUERCIA,
president;
Liberal Front Party (PFL), Hugo NAPOLEAO, president;
Workers' Party (PT), Luis Ignacio (Lula) da SILVA, president;
Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), Luiz GONZAGA de Paiva Muniz, president;