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Zoo and Wild Animal Dentistry


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tooth abscess in a C...Figure 11.5 A chart of a Harbor Seal (and most phocid seals) courtesy of Vet...Figure 11.6 A chart of a California Sea Lion (and most otariid seals) courte...Figure 11.7 Maxillary dentition of a California Sea Lion.Figure 11.8 Mandibular dentition of a California Sea Lion. The teeth are ori...Figure 11.9 Sea Lion trained to hold an X‐ray plate. This sea lion has been ...Figure 11.10 Sea Lion target for taking a radiograph. The sea lion touches t...Figure 11.11 Fabricated CR Reusable Radiograph Plate and holder. Pictured is...Figure 11.12 Rostral maxillary radiographic projection. The plate is in a si...Figure 11.13 Caudal maxillary radiographic projection. The plate is placed i...Figure 11.14 Rostral mandibular radiographic projection. The plate is placed...Figure 11.15 Rostral mandibular radiograph.Figure 11.16 Caudal mandibular radiographic projection.Figure 11.17 Maxilla of a Sea Lion: maxilla of an adult California Sea Lion,...Figure 11.18 Maxilla of a juvenile Sea Lion: maxilla of a juvenile Californi...Figure 11.19 Stage 3 Periodontal disease: radiograph of a sea otter showing ...Figure 11.20 Stage IV periodontal disease of all of the mandibular incisors,...Figure 11.21 Sea Lion mandibular fistula from an abscessed left mandibular c...Figure 11.22 Radiograph of Sea Lion showing mandibular fistula and periodont...Figure 11.23 Left mandibular canine periapical lucency. Fractures may be not...Figure 11.24 Bilateral complicated mandibular canine fracture: California Se...Figure 11.25 Complicated crown fracture of a mandibular canine in a Northern...Figure 11.26 Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris), aged four mon...Figure 11.27 Postoperative radiograph of root canal therapy on left upper ca...Figure 11.28 Five sizes of surgical luxators. Luxators are used similarly to...Figure 11.29 XL T Winged Elevators.Figure 11.30 Improper exodontic instrument grip on a winged elevator. The el...Figure 11.31 Proper exodontic instrument grip. The elevator is held in the p...Figure 11.32 Vettome Periotome™. The Powertome Periotome has custom blades t...Figure 11.33 Winged elevators.

      21 Chapter 13AFigure 13A.1 Bobcat.Figure 13A.2 Canada Lynx: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado ...Figure 13A.3 Caracal.Canada Lynx.Figure 13A.4 European Lynx: Noah’s Ark Sanctuary, Locust Grove, Georgia, USA...Figure 13A.5 Cheetah: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 13A.6 Cougar: Wildlife Waystation, Sylmar, California USA 2009.Figure 13A.7 Melanotic cougar: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, Califo...Figure 13A.8(1) Amelanotic leopard: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 13A.8(2) Amelanotic leopard: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 13A.9 Clouded Leopard: Denver, Colorado Zoo, USA.Figure 13A.10 Snow Leopard: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 2019....Figure 13A.11 Somalian leopard.Figure 13A.12 Liger (Sterile hybrid of Tiger (Panthera tigris) and African L...Figure 13A.13.1a African male lion: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 13A.13.1b African lioness: Maasai Mara, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 13A.14.1a Serval: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, California, ...Figure 13A.14.1b Serval: Exotic Feline Rescue Center, Center Point, Indiana,...Figure 13A.15 Tiger: InSync Exotics Wildlife Rescue & Education Facility, Wy...

      22 Chapter 13BFigure 13B.1 African Wildcat.Figure 13B.2 Domestic Cat: Centennial, Colorado USA.Figure 13B.3 Fishing Cat.Figure 13B.4 Jungle Cat.Figure 13B.5 Ocelot: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA. 24 May 2019.Figure 13B.6 Pallas's Cat: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado...Figure 13B.7 Savanah.

      23 Chapter 14AFigure 14A.1 Black bear.Figure 14A.2 Brown bear: Wild Animal Sanctuary, Keensburg, Colorado USA.Figure 14A.3 Cinnamon Bear Ursus americanus Cinnamomum. Source: Pauk. Wilipe...Figure 14A.4 Grizzly bear: Wild Animal Sanctuary, Keensburg, Colorado USA 20...Figure 14A.5 Himalayan bear.Figure 14A.6 Kodiak bear.Figure 14A.7 Polar bear: Denver Colorado Zoo, USA.Figure 14A.8 Spectacled bear.Figure 14A.9 Sun bear.

      24 Chapter 14BFigure 14B.1 Sloth bear Source: Wikipedia Public Domain 29 March 2018.

      25 Chapter 15AFigure 15A.1 Aye Aye.Figure 15A.2 Bush baby: Mfuwe Lodge, Kapamba Camp, Zambia, Africa 2014.Figure 15A.3 Red Ruffed Lemur: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 2019....Figure 15A.3a Ring‐tailed Lemur: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 201...Figure 15A.4 Flying Lemur.Figure 15A.5 Loris faces.Figure 15A.6 Potto.Figure 15A.7 Sifaka.Figure 15A.8 Tarsier (Philippines).

      26 Chapter 15BFigure 15B.1.1 Golden Lion Tamarin: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May ...Figure 15B.1.1a Emperor Tamarin: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 201...Figure 15B.1.2 Capuchin Monkey: Noah's Ark Sanctuary, Atlanta, Georgia USA 2...Figure 15B.1.2a Hooded Capuchin Monkey: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA. 24...Figure 15B.1.3 Howler Monkey: Denver Colorado Zoo 2017.Figure 15B.1.4 Brazil Amazon Jungle 2007.Figure 15B.1.5 Spider monkey: Sanctuary in Georgia, USA 2012.Figure 15B.1.6 Wooly Monkey.Figure 15B.2.1 Colobus Monkey: Denver Zoo, Colorado USA 2014.Figure 15B.2.2 Silvered Leaf Monkey: Borneo (Kalimantan), Indonesia 2016....Figure 15B.2.3 Wolf's Guenon: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 24 May 2019....Figure 15B.2.4 Rhesus Macaque.Figure 15B.2.5 Chacma Baboon, Botswana 2016.Figure 15B.2.6 Olive Baboons, Amboseli, Kenya, Africa 2011.Figure 15B.2.7 Yellow baboon, Kapamba Camp, Zambia, Africa 2014.Figure 15B.2.8 Mandrill: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, California, ...Figure 15B.2.9 Proboscus Monkey: Borneo, Indonesia 2016.Figure 15B.2.10 Vervet Monkey: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 15B.3.1a Gibbon Ape: Sanctuary in Georgia, USA 2012.Figure 15B.3.1b Siamang: Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colorado U...Figure 15B.3.2 Siamang: Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado USA 27 June 2019.Figure 15B.4.1 Chimpanzee: Wildlife Waystation Sanctuary, Sylmar, California...Figure 15B.4.2 Gorilla: Largest of the apes. Sydney Australia Zoo 2017.Figure 15B.4.3 Peter P. Emily, Denver, Colorado USA 2017.Figure 15B.4.4 Orangutan: Borneo (Kalimantan), Indonesia 2016.

      27 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Common Treeshrew.

      28 Chapter 17Figure 17.1.1a African Wild Dog: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 17.1.1b African Wild Dog: Botswana, Africa 2016.Figure 17.2 Coyote: Wild Animal Sanctuary, Keensburg, Colorado USA 2017.Figure 17.3 Dhole.Figure