United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 1996 CIA World Factbook


Скачать книгу

current issues: some forest degradation caused by air and soil

       pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural

       chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and

       oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks

       transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe

       natural hazards: NA

       international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Air

       Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air

       Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban,

       Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,

       Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur

       94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

      Geographic note: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

      People———

      Population: 8,023,244 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 18% (male 720,696; female 685,179)

       15–64 years: 67% (male 2,726,122; female 2,659,162)

       65 years and over: 15% (male 451,231; female 780,854) (July 1996

       est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.41% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 11.19 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 10.43 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.94 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.53 years male: 73.38 years female: 79.84 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.49 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Austrian(s) adjective: Austrian

      Ethnic divisions: German 99.4%, Croatian 0.3%, Slovene 0.2%, other 0.1%

      Religions: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 6%, other 9%

      Languages: German

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1974 est.)

       total population: 99%

       male: NA%

       female: NA%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Republic of Austria

       conventional short form: Austria

       local long form: Republik Oesterreich

       local short form: Oesterreich

      Data code: AU

      Type of government: federal republic

      Capital: Vienna

      Administrative divisions: 9 states (bundeslaender, singular - bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien

      Independence: 12 November 1918 (from Austro-Hungarian Empire)

      National holiday: National Day, 26 October (1955)

      Constitution: 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)

      Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential

       elections

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Thomas KLESTIL (since 8 July 1992) was

       elected for a six-year term by popular vote; election last held 24

       May 1992 (next to be held 1998); results of second ballot - Thomas

       KLESTIL 57%, Rudolf STREICHER 43%

       head of government: Chancellor Franz VRANITZKY (since 16 June 1986)

       was chosen by the president from the majority party in the National

       Council; Vice Chancellor Wolfgang SCHUESSEL (since 22 April 1995)

       was chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor

       cabinet: Council of Ministers was chosen by the president on the

       advice of the chancellor

      Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) Federal Council (Bundesrat): consists of 63 members representing each of the provinces on the basis of population, but with each province having at least three representatives National Council (Nationalrat): elections last held 17 December 1995 (next to be held Fall 1999); results - SPOE 38.3%, OEVP 28.3%, FPOE 22.1%, Greens 4.6%, LF 5.3%, other 1.4%; seats - (183 total) SPOE 71, OEVP 53, FPOE 40, Greens 9, LF 10

      Judicial branch: Supreme Judicial Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) for

       civil and criminal cases; Administrative Court

       (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) for bureaucratic cases; Constitutional

       Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) for constitutional cases

      Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party of Austria

       (SPOE), Franz VRANITZKY, chairman; Austrian People's Party (OEVP),

       Wolfgang SCHUESSEL, chairman; Freedom Movement (F, formerly the

       Freedom Party of Austria or FPOE), Joerg HAIDER, chairman; Communist

       Party (KPOE), Walter SILBERMAYER, chairman; The Greens, Madeleine

       PETROVIC; Liberal Forum (LF), Heide SCHMIDT

      Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce

       and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist);

       three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OEVP)

       representing business, labor, and farmers; OEVP-oriented League of

       Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief

       lay organization, Catholic Action

      International organization participation: AfDB, AG (observer),

       AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA,

       EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA,

       IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO,

       ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer),

       OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP,

       UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU

       (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

      Diplomatic