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Examination of the Newborn

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19 APPENDIX 2: Useful website addresses Chromosomal and genetic problems

List of Tables

1 Chapter 1TABLE 1.1 Key elements of the National Antenatal and Newborn Screening Programme...TABLE 1.2 Maternal medical records: summarised alert indicators.TABLE 1.3 Using the maternal obstetric records, newborn records and NHS Antenata...TABLE 1.4 Predictive risk factors with potential impact upon newborn outcome inc...TABLE 1.5 Summary of defined and national risk factors.TABLE 1.6 Maternal/paternal lifestyle and psychosocial influences.TABLE 1.7 Common parental concerns at the newborn examination.TABLE 1.8 Limitations to effective history taking.

2 Chapter 2TABLE 2.1 Incidence of CHD.TABLE 2.2 A six‐point scale is used to describe murmurs.TABLE 2.3 Some syndromes associated with CHD.TABLE 2.4 Abnormalities seen on a four‐chamber view.TABLE 2.5 Common cardiac abnormalities not detected on a four‐chamber view....TABLE 2.6 Indications for fetal echocardiography.

3 Chapter 4TABLE 4.1 Common malformations of the skull at birth.

4 Chapter 6TABLE 6.1 Examination of the genitalia: deviations from the norm.

5 Chapter 9TABLE 9.1 Encouraging maternal/fetal/infant attachmentTABLE 9.2 States of sleep and alertness.TABLE 9.3 Range of behaviours as observed in the autonomic system.TABLE 9.4 Range of behaviours as observed in the motor system.TABLE 9.5 Range of behaviours as observed in the state and social interaction sy...

List of Illustrations

1 Chapter 2FIGURE 2.1 Development of the lungs.FIGURE 2.2 Development of the heart.FIGURE 2.3 Fetal and postnatal circulation.FIGURE 2.4 Integrated physiology underpinning the neonatal energy triangle....FIGURE 2.5 Proportion of infants with undiagnosed heart defects against post...FIGURE 2.6 Four auscultatory areas of the heart.FIGURE 2.7 Paediatric stethoscope.FIGURE 2.8 Palpating femoral pulses.

2 Chapter 3FIGURE 3.1 Components of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue.FIGURE 3.2 Blue spot.FIGURE 3.3 Cutis marmorata.FIGURE 3.4 Erythema toxicum neonatorum.FIGURE 3.5 Milia.FIGURE 3.6 Neonatal acne.FIGURE 3.7 Cradle cap.FIGURE 3.8 Sucking blister.FIGURE 3.9 Transient neonatal pustulosis.FIGURE 3.10 Bullous impetigo.FIGURE 3.11 Scalded skin syndrome.FIGURE 3.12 Pigmented naevus.FIGURE 3.13 Strawberry haemangioma.FIGURE 3.14 Port wine stain.FIGURE 3.15 Physiology of neonatal jaundice.

3 Chapter 4FIGURE 4.1 Cutis aplasia.FIGURE 4.2 (a) Physical features of the external ear. (b) Periauricular skin...FIGURE 4.3 Cleft palate/Cleft lip and cleft palate.FIGURE 4.4 Cystic hygroma.FIGURE 4.5 Anatomy of the eye.FIGURE 4.6 Leukocoria.FIGURE 4.7 Congenital cataracts.FIGURE 4.8 Down’s syndrome.FIGURE 4.9 Congenital glaucoma.FIGURE 4.10 Capillary haemangioma.

4 Chapter 5FIGURE 5.1 (a) Ballard Score: physical maturity. (b) Ballard Score: neuromus...FIGURE 5.2 Moro reflex.FIGURE 5.3 Grasp reflex.FIGURE 5.4 Babinski reflex.FIGURE 5.5 Stepping reflex.FIGURE 5.6 Weight‐for‐age chart: (a) boys, 0–6 months.(b) Girls, 0–6 mon...

5 Chapter 6FIGURE 6.1 Descent of the testes.FIGURE 6.2 Undescended left testicle.FIGURE 6.3 Right testicular torsion.FIGURE 6.4 Inguinal hernia.FIGURE 6.5 Hypospadias.FIGURE 6.6 (a) Androgen insensitivity syndrome. (b) Congenital adrenal hyper...

6 Chapter 7FIGURE 7.1 Dislocation of the hip.FIGURE 7.2 Pavlik harness.FIGURE 7.3 The bones of the foot.FIGURE 7.4 Ultrasound diagnosis of clubfoot.FIGURE 7.5 Clubfoot.FIGURE 7.6 (a) and (b) Range of movement of normal foot.FIGURE 7.7 Ponseti cast.FIGURE 7.8 (a) Gradual correction – second week. (b) Gradual correction – fo...FIGURE 7.9 Final cast after full correction.FIGURE 7.10 (a) Foot in abduction brace (one example). (b) Final correction ...FIGURE 7.11 Child 1 (a) before Ponseti treatment of clubfoot and (b) at 6 ye...FIGURE 7.12 Child 2 (a) before treatment and (b) at 4 years.FIGURE 7.13 Metatarsus adductus.FIGURE 7.14 Calcaneovalgus.FIGURE 7.15 CVT in infants.FIGURE 7.16 X‐ray of CVT.FIGURE 7.17 Example of nubbin (hand).FIGURE 7.18 Polydactyly.FIGURE 7.19 (a) Polysyndactyly of third and fourth toes. (b) Polysyndactyly ...FIGURE 7.20 Absence of the great toe.

7 Chapter 8FIGURE 8.1 Simian crease.FIGURE 8.2 Down’s syndrome.FIGURE 8.3 Webbing of the neck in Turner syndrome.FIGURE 8.4 Oedema of the hand in Turner syndrome.FIGURE 8.5 Widely spaced nipples in Turner syndrome.

8 Chapter 9FIGURE 9.1 The crying infant consoled when swaddled.FIGURE 9.2 Swaddling supports the baby to enable it to come to an alert stat...