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1The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 was passed by the Indian Parliament in March 2016. The Bill aims at providing statutory backing for targeted government subsidies and benefits by integrating them with Aadhaar numbers (Government of India, 2016).
2The survey excludes the state of Jammu & Kashmir and two union territories (Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep).
3The PPI index is made up of 10 questions on household size, assets, education and cooking sources, and can take a value of 0 to 100 (zero being the lowest). Households scoring less than 54 points are classified as Below Poverty Line (BPL) (living below USD 2.50). In 2015, the median (mean) score was 38 (39.7).
4The empirical analysis is based on Ghosh (2016a).
5The program was initially rolled out in 200 districts in February