157 patients with T2DM and PD;82 treatment group, 72 treatment control;Mean age: treatment group, 55.13 ± 11.16 y, and treatment control,54.23 ± 10.85 y.
≥ 20 teeth with at least 60% of the teeth with PD > 5 mm, more than 30% of the teeth with CAL > 4 mm, or over 60% of the teeth with PD > 4 mm and CAL > 3 mm.
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T2DM for more than 1 year; HbA1c 7.5% > 9.5%.
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All patients had OHI, SRP, periodontal flap surgery when indicated, extraction of hopeless teeth, and restore of balanced occlusion. Antibiotics were prescribed
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Age, gender, BMI, smoking, systemic diseases.
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After 3 mo, HbA1c showed an improvement in the treatment group. Control: −0.14 ± 0.12; Treatment group: −0.50 ± 0.18; P < 0.01.
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Yes
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Katagiri et al99, Japan
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49 patients with T2DM and PD;32 treatment group, 17 treatment control;Mean age: treatment group, 59 ± 9.9 y, and treatment control, 59 ± 4.8 y.
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≥ 11 teeth, at least 2 pocket sites with PD ≥ 4 mm.
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HbA1c 6.5% > 10.0%.
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Control: OHI. Treatment group: SRP and 10 mg of minocycline ointment topical in every periodontal pocket at the end of each visit. The intensive periodontal treatment was completed over the course of four visits within 2 mo.
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Age, gender, BMI, CRP.
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After 1 mo, HbA1c showed an improvement in the treatment group. After 3 and 6 mo, HbA1c were not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI and change in CRP correlated significantly with the reduction of HbA1c at 6 mo after the periodontal treatment.
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Yes
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Llambes et al100, Spain
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60 patients with T1DM and PD; 30 group 1, 30 group 2; Mean age 35.3 ± 9 y.
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≥ 14 teeth; at least 5 teeth with PD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm.
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T1DM for more than 1 y; 22 patients with HbA1c < 7%, 15 patients with HbA1c 7% > 8%, and 23 patients with HbA1c > 8%. They were equal- ly distribu- ted into 2 groups.
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Group 1: SRP plus Chlorhexidine for 12 weeks plus doxycycline 100 mg/day for 15 days; Group 2: same treatment as group 1 with the exception of the doxycycline.
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Age, gender, smoking, systemic diseases.
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After 3 mo, no difference in HbA1c was observed. Group 1: 7.64 ± 1.81% to 7.71 ± 1.74%; Group 2: 7.51 ± 1.36% to 7.45 ± 1.29%.
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No
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O’Connell et al101, Brazil
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30 patients with T2DM and PD; 15 group 1, 15 group 2; Mean age: 52.9 y.
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≥ 1 site with PD ≥ 5 mm, and two teeth with CAL ≥ 6 mm.
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T2DM for more than 5 y; HbA1c > 8%.
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Group 1: SRP with doxycycline 100 mg/ day, for 2 wk after an initial dose of 200 mg; Group 2: SRP with placebo.
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Age, gender, smoking, systemic diseases.
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After 3 mo, HbA1c showed an improvement in the group 1. Group 1: 11.8 ± 1.6% vs. 10.3 ± 2.3%; P < 0.01. Group 2: 10.7 ± 2.0% vs. 9.8 ± 2.0%.
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Yes
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Singh et al102, India
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45 patients with T2DM and PD; 15 group 1, 15 group 2 and 15 group 3;Mean age not stated.
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≥ 16 teeth, ≥ 30% of the teeth examined having PD ≥ 4 mm. Teeth with poor prognosis were extracted.
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Not stated.
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Group A: SRP. Group B: SRP + systemic doxycycline (100 mg daily for 14 d). Group C: no treatment.
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Age, gender, systemic diseases.
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After 3 mo: Fasting plasma glucose levels: non-significant. 2-h postprandial glucose: A: −16.6, B: −21.8, and C: 1.7 mg/dl; P < 0.05. HBA1c: A: 0.6, B: −0.7, and C: 0.06; P < 0.05.
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Yes
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Jones et al103, USA
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165 patients with T2DM and PD; Mean age: 59.1 ± 11 y.
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Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN) scores of ≥ 3 in at least two sextants.
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HbA1c ≥ 8.5%.
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Group 1: 4 mo SRP plus doxycycline (100 mg daily for 14 d) and CHX rinses twice daily for 4 mo, then usual care. Group 2: Early treatment, continued for 12 mo. Participants were seen every 4 mo for SRP. No additional antimicrobials used. Group 3: Usual care, then 4 mo of treatment, followed by usual care. Group 4: Usual care, then 12 mo of treatment as in group 2.
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Age, gender, smoking, BMI (self-report), stress, systemic diseases, alcohol.
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After 4 mo, no differences in HbA1c change for either the unadjusted or adjusted analyses were observed (0.63% vs. 0.61%, unadjusted, 0.51% versus 0.65%, adjusted for baseline HbA1c, age ≥ 55 y, and diabetes duration).
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No
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Kiran et al104, Turkey
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44 patients with T2DM and PD; 22 treatment, 22 treatment control; Mean age 54.4 ± 11.7 y.
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The parameters were only presented in the results section. PD: 2.29 ± 0.49 and CAL: 3.19 ± 1.13 mm.
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HbA1c: 6% > 8%.
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Control group: no treatment; Treatment group: OHI and SRP.
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Age, gender, smoking.
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After 3 mo, HbA1c showed an improvement in the treatment group. Control: 7.00 ± 0.72% to 7.31 ± 2.08%; treatment group: 7.31 ± 0.74% to. 6.51 ± 0.8%; P < 0.05.
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Yes
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Rodrigues et al105, Brazil
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30 patients with T2DM and PD; 15 treatment group, 15 control group; Mean age: 50.29 ± 3 y.
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≥ 1 site with probing depth ≥ 5 mm and two teeth with attachment loss ≥ 6 mm
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Patients were diagnosed with T2DM. HbA1c was not stated.
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Control: OHI and SRP. Treatment group: OHI, SRP plus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (875 mg twice daily for 2 wk).
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Age, gender, smoking.
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After 3 mo, HbA1c showed an improvement in the treatment group. Control: 9.5 ± 2.4% to 9.2 ± 1.6%, treatment group: 8.8 ± 1.8% to 7.6 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05.
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Yes
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Al- Mubarak et al106, USA
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52 patients;12 with T1DM and 40 with T2DM; 26 in each treatment group;Mean age: 51.3 ± 13 y.
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≥ 14 non-crowned teeth with supragingival calculus in ≥ 4 teeth in 2 different quadrants, but no gross oral neglect or advanced periodontitis.
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PD ≥ 5mm but 8 mm in ≥ one site in 4 teeth in ≥ 2 quadrants. Teeth should not show profound mobility or furcation involvement.
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DM for more than 1 year. HbA1c was not stated. Control: OHI. Treatment group: OHI, SRP plus they were instructed to use powered oral irrigator.
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Age, gender, systemic diseases.
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After 3 mo, no statistically significant difference in the HbA1c between the two groups. Control: 8.06 ± 0.29 to 7.7 ± 0.36. Treatment group: 8.5 ± 0.31 to 8.3 ± 0.36.
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No
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