14.10 Illustration: air interface Layer 3, its sublayers, and NAS lay...Figure 14.11 Classification of radio/air interface Layer 3 messages.Figure 14.12 Components of air interface Layer 3 message.Figure 14.13 Components of a non-standard Layer 3 message.Figure 14.14 GSM, GPRS, and UMTS radio/air interface Layer 3 message format....Figure 14.15 Mobile radio/air interface NAS layer message format for the LTE...Figure 14.16 Mobile air interface Layer 3 protocols identified by protocol d...Figure 14.17 GMM air interface Layer 3: DETACH REQUEST message.Figure 14.18 Air interface Layer 3: GSM RR assignment command.Figure 14.19 Illustration: LTE S1 handover preparation and resource allocati...Figure 14.20 Illustration: protocol decoding of elementary procedures messag...Figure 14.21 Illustration: LTE/EPS S1 Setup message over S1 interface.Figure 14.22 Illustration: decoding of S1 Setup Request Message protocol.Figure 14.23 Illustration of the components of a protocol layer message.Figure 14.24 Illustration of a protocol layer header part with flags. Figure 14.25 Illustration: protocol layer timer and its various states.Figure 14.26 RRC layer protocol states and its transitions: GSM/GPRS to the ...Figure 14.27 Illustration: states of a base transceiver (BTS) station.Figure 14.28 Illustration: types of protocol layer data.Figure 14.29 Illustration: LTE and 5G NR air interface protocol layer config...Figure 14.30 Illustration: various information contained in a logical contex...Figure 14.31 Illustration: padding in an IE of a message/PDU.Figure 14.32 Illustration: device driver development model.Figure 14.33 Illustration: usages of software simulator test setup for diffe...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Protocol stack for SGs logical interface between MME and MSC ser...
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Illustration: 3GPP standardized 5G system use cases.Figure 16.2 Illustration: key enablers of 5GS use cases and their services....Figure 16.3 5G system network architecture.Figure 16.4 Illustration: logical architectural nodes of NG‐RAN and its use ...Figure 16.5 Illustration: control plane and user plane protocol stack of F1 ...Figure 16.6 Illustration: RRC layer signaling message flow between NG‐RAN lo...Figure 16.7 Illustration: 5GS non‐standalone deployment through EN‐DC featur...Figure 16.8 Illustration: addition of a secondary NG‐RAN/gNB node as part of...Figure 16.9 Illustration: UE single registration mode: LTE/EPS or 5G network...Figure 16.10 Illustration: UE dual registration mode: LTE/EPS and 5G network...Figure 16.11 Illustration: 5G system: network slices with standardized servi...Figure 16.12 Illustration: hierarchy of PLMN and its NSSAI.Figure 16.13 Illustration: RRC layer signaling flow for network slicing duri...Figure 16.14 Illustration: NSSAI‐based AMF selection for a network slice.Figure 16.15 Illustration: UE registration: NF signaling flow for network sl...Figure 16.16 Illustration: UE registration: NF service signaling flow for PD...Figure 16.17 Illustration: management services for management and orchestrat...Figure 16.18 Illustration: 5G NRM, its information object class, and its ass...Figure 16.19 Illustration: 5G UE security controlled by home network.Figure 16.20 Illustration: UE authentication using 5G‐AKA method through 5GC...Figure 16.21 Illustration: inter PLMN secured communication through SEPP.Figure 16.22 Illustration: conceal and de‐concealing of a UE SUPI to SUCI an...
17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Illustration: radio air interface protocol layer architectures o...Figure 17.2 Illustration: air interface Layer 3/NAS protocols and its catego...Figure 17.3 Illustration: air interface: AS and NAS layer signaling informat...
18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Illustration: NR control plane: AS and NAS protocol layers.Figure 18.2 Illustration: 5G SM UE‐initiated PDU session establishment proce...Figure 18.3 Illustration: 5GS session and service continuity (SSC) modes 1 a...Figure 18.4 Illustration: 5G SM PDU sessions for different network slices.Figure 18.5 Illustration: association/control of QoS – EPS bearer versus QoS...Figure 18.6 Illustration: binding of SDF and LTE/EPS bearer and SDF and 5GS ...Figure 18.7 Illustration: SDAP layer: mapping between QoS flow and data radi...Figure 18.8 Illustration: 5GS downlink data flow through GTP‐U tunnels.Figure 18.9 Different states of a cell in a cellular communication.Figure 18.10 Illustration: GSM, GPRS, UMTS, LTE PLMN, and LA/RA.Figure 18.11 Illustration: Mobility areas controlled by core network element...Figure 18.12 Illustration: mobility management areas for CS and PS domains....Figure 18.13 Illustration: LTE/EPS: list of TAs in the TA list.Figure 18.14 Illustration: 5G mobility areas – TA and RA.Figure 18.15 Illustration: CM and MM state transitions in a UE‐initiated ser...Figure 18.16 Illustration: on‐demand SI request by UE.Figure 18.17 Illustration: NR RRC layer state’s machine, its triggers, and t...Figure 18.18 Illustration: UE RRC_INACTIVE state and RNA.Figure 18.19 Illustration: UE triggered transition from RRC_IDLE to RRC‐CONN...Figure 18.20 Illustration: RRC layer state transition from RRC_INACTIVE to R...Figure 18.21 Illustration: RNA update procedure: normal and erroneous scenar...Figure 18.22 Different phases of a handover procedure.Figure 18.23 Illustration: Xn handover and its signaling messages.Figure 18.24 Illustration: N2‐based handover and its signaling messages.Figure 18.25 Illustration: NR admission control procedure for different netw...
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Illustration: NR air interface user plane protocol layers.Figure 19.2 Illustration: splitting of DRB by the PDCP layer in an EN‐DC set...Figure 19.3 Illustration: packet duplication by the PDCP layer.Figure 19.4 NR: RLC layer Entity Model.Figure 19.5 Illustration: comparisons of LTE and NR RLC layer SDU segmentati...Figure 19.6 Illustration: typical inputs and outputs of a scheduler algorith...Figure 19.7 Illustration: uplink: dynamic and configured scheduling Type 1 a...Figure 19.8 Illustration: NR RACH resource selection procedure.Figure 19.9 Illustration: NR UE RACH RAR process flow, TS 38.321 [113].Figure 19.10 Illustration: NR UEs contention‐based RACH procedure.Figure 19.11 Illustration: NR UE RACH procedure contention resolution flow....Figure 19.12 Illustration: NR contention‐free UE RACH procedure.Figure 19.13 Illustration: UE downlink data reception and its HARQ ACK/NACK ...Figure 19.14 Illustration: NR UE MAC layer scheduling request to NG‐RAN.Figure 19.15 Illustration: organizations of NR MAC SDU, CE, and padding of a...Figure 19.16 Illustration: packet processing by LTE and NR L2 layers.Figure 19.17 Illustration: NR air interface channel types.Figure 19.18 Illustration: types of NR channels and their implementation usi...Figure 19.19 Illustration: duplex (FDD, TDD) transmissions methods.Figure 19.20 Illustration: symbol constellation diagram for 64 QAM modulatio...Figure 19.21 Illustration: NR frames, subframes, and durations.Figure 19.22 Illustration: NR numerologies, frame, subframes, and slots.Figure 19.23 Illustration: NR TDD: DL‐UL timeslot format allocation pattern ...Figure 19.24 Illustration: NR TDD: slot formats of OFDM symbols of a slot.Figure 19.25 Illustration: NR resource grid, resource element, and resource ...Figure 19.26 Illustration: CORESETs allocation for PDCCH.Figure 19.27 Illustration: VRB to PRB mapping in NR.Figure 19.28 Illustration: NR common resource blocks and their reference poi...Figure 19.29 Illustration: UEs transmission/reception with wideband as well ...Figure 19.30 Illustration: aggregated channel bandwidth of CA in the NR FR1 ...Figure 19.31 Illustration: configuration of BWPs and PRBs with different SCS...Figure 19.32 Illustration: an NR bandwidth part, CRB, PRB, and VRB mapping....Figure 19.33 Illustration: resource allocation Type 0 in the NR frequency do...Figure 19.34 Illustration: Type 1 resource allocation to a PDSCH.Figure 19.35 Illustration: time‐domain resource allocation for PDSCH by RRC ...Figure 19.36 Illustration: (FDD) time‐domain resource allocation for PDSCH: ...Figure 19.37 Illustration: physical layer processing stages for a transport ...Figure 19.38 Illustration: physical layer processing chain for a transport b...Figure 19.39 Illustration: components of an LDPC codeword.Figure 19.40 Illustration: LDPC base graphs: BG1 and BG2.Figure 19.41 Illustration: NR UL‐SCH and UCI processing chains and their mul...Figure 19.42 Illustration: output of transport block coding process at physi...Figure 19.43 Illustration: an LDPC parity check matrix and its graph represe...Figure 19.44 Graphical representation of LDPC encoded bit string: 11001111....Figure 19.45 Illustration: NR multiple antenna configurations and transmissi...Figure 19.46 Illustration: mapping of logical antenna port to a physical ant...Figure 19.47 Illustration: transmit diversity: code word to layer mappings....Figure 19.48 Illustration: spatial multiplexing: code words to layers mappin...Figure 19.49 Illustration: physical layer channel processing steps.Figure 19.50 Illustration: LTE vs. NR PDCCH resource allocation.Figure 19.51 Illustration: PDCCH monitoring using search space with aggregat...Figure 19.52 Illustration: transmission flow of a DCI.Figure 19.53 Illustration: DCI processing chain.Figure 19.54 Illustration: code block group‐based downlink transmission and ...Figure 19.55 Illustration: FDD: PDSCH to its HARQ‐ACK timing.Figure 19.56 Illustration: TDD: PDSCH to its HARQ‐ACK timing with K1 = 0.Figure 19.57 Illustration: mapping of DMRS to resource element and OFDM symb...Figure 19.58 Illustration: mapping