of the g...Table 10.7 Fungal infections with spore formation in tissue sections.Table 10.8 Causes of granulomatous inflammation in the colon and rectum.Table 10.9 Predisposing and etiologic factors for ischemic colitis.Table 10.10 Differential diagnosis of chronic ischemia.Table 10.11 Risk factors for pseudomembranous colitis.Table 10.12 Diseases associated with focal active colitis.Table 10.13 Risk factors for radiation colitis.Table 10.14 Differential diagnosis of radiation.Table 10.15 Risk factors for neutropenic colitis.Table 10.16 Autoimmune disease associated with collagenous and lymphocytic co...Table 10.17 Drugs that may be associated with microscopic colitis.Table 10.18 Differential diagnosis of collagenous colitis (CC).Table 10.19 Differential diagnosis for lymphocytic colitis.Table 10.20 Pitfalls in the diagnosis of lymphocytic and collagenous colitis.Table 10.21 Risk factors for diverticular disease.Table 10.22 Complications of diverticular disease.Table 10.23 Distinguishing misplaced glands from invasive adenocarcinoma.Table 10.24 Predisposing conditions for pneumatosis coli.Table 10.25 Spectrum of reaction patterns in drug‐associated colitis.Table 10.26 Pattern of drug related injury and examples of associated drugs.Table 10.27 Important groups of drugs associated with colonic mucosal injury.Table 10.28 Classification of eosinophilic colitis.Table 10.29 Differential diagnosis of eosinophilic colitis.Table 10.30 Predictive factors for GVHD.Table 10.31 Signs and symptoms of chronic GVHD.Table 10.32 Recommendations for final diagnosis.Table 10.33 Features of Ulcerative colitis (UC) vs. Crohn’s disease (CD).Table 10.34 Differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.Table 10.35 Summary of recommendations for management of IBD‐associated dyspl...
9 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Environmental factors affecting the risk of colorectal carcinoma.Table 12.2 Genetic conditions associated with a risk of colorectal carcinoma.Table 12.3 Histological classification of colorectal carcinoma according to t...Table 12.4 Classification of colorectal carcinomas according to molecular cha...Table 12.5 Adverse histologic parameters in malignant colorectal polyps resec...Table 12.6 Grading of neuroendocrine tumors/carcinomas of the colon according...Table 12.7 Most common lymphomas of the colon.
10 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Comparison of the two‐tiered (squamous intraepithelial lesion) and...Table 14.2American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), 8th edition TNM staging for...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Endoscope with control handle and tip. The tip contains a light s...Figure 1.2 Endoscopic processor, which converts the light captured from the ...Figure 1.3 (a) Tools for performing endoscopic resection including endoscopi...Figure 1.4 Endoscopic biopsy forceps in the open position. The needle‐like p...Figure 1.5 Micro biopsy forceps <1 mm in diameter, which can be passed throu...Figure 1.6 Endoscopic snare for polypectomy. The wire loop is extended in th...Figure 1.7 Endoscopic cytology brush. Note the abrasive brush extended beyon...Figure 1.8 Nonendoscopic abrasive cytology brush.Figure 1.9 (a) and (b) Endoscopic ultrasound endoscope and guided fine‐needl...Figure 1.10 Pinned and oriented resection tissue from Barrett's esophagus‐as...Figure 1.11 Barrett's esophagus with flat neoplasia (9 o'clock) for targeted...Figure 1.12 Multiband mucosectomy device. The black rubber bands are mounted...Figure 1.13 Area of resection at 6–12 o'clock includes the entire region of ...Figure 1.14 Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) procedure. A flat neoplas...Figure 1.15 Endoscopically resected en bloc well‐differentiated adenocarcino...Figure 1.16 Large mediastinal lymph node sampled with EUS‐FNA. The needle is...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Endoscopic appearance of distal esophagus with normal squamous mu...Figure 2.2 Normal esophagus squamous mucosa with normal stratified non‐kerat...Figure 2.3 Endoscopic appearance of white exudate typical of Candida albican...Figure 2.4 Debris of slough off superficial squamous epithelium with fungal ...Figure 2.5 PAS stain of Figure 2.4 illustrating the fungal elements of Candi...Figure 2.6 Multinucleated basal keratinocytes typical of HSV esophagitis.Figure 2.7 Erosive esophagitis with prominent granulation and atypical cellu...Figure 2.8 High‐magnification evaluation of Figure 2.7 demonstrated (a) endo...Figure 2.9 Endoscopic appearance of erosive esophagitis in a patient with ga...Figure 2.10 Characteristic appearance of low‐power view of reflux esophagiti...Figure 2.11 High‐power magnification of reflux esophagitis with basal cell h...Figure 2.12 Endoscopic appearance of eosinophilic esophagitis (a) with so‐ca...Figure 2.13 Characteristic histology of eosinophilic esophagitis with basal ...Figure 2.14 Characteristic histology of lymphocytic esophagitis.Figure 2.15 Endoscopic appearance of inflammatory stricture of the esophagus...Figure 2.16 (a) Iron tablet erosive esophagitis with fibrinopurulent debris....Figure 2.17 Endoscopic appearance of necrotizing esophagitis with appearance...Figure 2.18 Characteristic appearance of sloughing esophagitis with two‐tone...Figure 2.19 Endoscopic appearance of acute GVHD of esophagus with diffuse mu...Figure 2.20 Endoscopic appearance of inflammatory stricture with persistent ...Figure 2.21 Microscopic appearance of acute GVHD of esophagus with basal apo...Figure 2.22 Endoscopic appearance of esophageal lichen planus with diffuse m...Figure 2.23 Esophageal granuloma in a previously diagnosed patient with Croh...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Endoscopic view of Barrett's esophagus. From upper left and clock...Figure 3.2 (a) Typical appearance of Barrett's esophagus with numerous goble...Figure 3.3 Barrett's esophagus indefinite for dysplasia. Nuclear hyperchroma...