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A History of Neuropsychology


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right-hemiplegia with speech loss:

      The Left Hemisphere Is Not the Seat of All Language Functions

      Broca [17] did not credit the left hemisphere with all language functions: the patient has “generally lost only the ability to reproduce the articulate sounds of the language”; he still understands “what is said to him and, consequently, understands the relation between ideas and words.” Leborgne, for one, seemed to understand “nearly (everything) said to him” (p 345). The “faculty of creating those relations (thus) belongs simultaneously to (both) hemispheres … but the faculty of expressing them by coordinated movements … would appear to belong only to one,” “nearly always … the left” ([20], p 386).

      Comprehension and the Temporal Lobe

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      Dementia or Aphasia?

      In the past, as Wernicke noted, persons with fluent but confused, unintelligible speech were often diagnosed as demented or psychotic, especially those without paralysis or other physical signs of brain injury. Adam herself initially was diagnosed with dementia and placed in a psychiatric ward. Clarification of the symptoms would be important for diagnosis and nosology as it came to be understood that, at least in some cases, like Adam’s, the symptoms, in the absence of general dementia, were neurological and that the patients had another kind of aphasia, later to be called sensory, or fluent, aphasia.

      Cerebral Dominance

      Right-Hemisphere Specialization

      “Objects, Places, Persons, &c.”

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      Emotion