the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: redefining threshold levels for follicle count and serum anti-Müllerian hormone using cluster analysis. Hum Reprod 2017;32:1723–1731.
6Wild RA, Carmina E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dokras A, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, Lobo R, Norman RJ, Talbott E, Dumesic DA: Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:2038–2049.
7Nasiri Amiri F, Ramezani Tehrani F, Esmailzadeh S, Tohidi M, Azizi F, Basirat Z: Sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their hormonal and clinical correlations. Int J Impot Res 2018;30:54-61.
8Teede HJ, Joham AE, Paul E, Moran LJ, Loxton D, Jolley D, Lombard C: Longitudinal weight gain in women identified with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of an observational study in young women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013;21:1526–1532.
9Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Eisner JR, Kemnitz JW, Goy RW: The prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkey as a model for polycystic ovarian syndrome; in Azziz R, Nestler JE, Dewailly D (eds): Androgen Excess Disorders in Women. Philadelphia, Lippencott-Raven Press, 1997, pp 369–382.
10Dumesic DA, Abbott DH, Eisner JR, Goy RW: Prenatal exposure of female rhesus monkeys to testosterone propionate increases serum luteinizing hormone levels in adulthood. Fertil Steril 1997;67:155–163.
11Xu N, Kwon S, Abbott DH, Geller DH, Dumesic DA, Azziz R, Guo X, Goodarzi MO: Epigenetic mechanism underlying the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like phenotypes in prenatally androgenized rhesus monkeys. PLoS One 2011;6:e27286.
12Abbott DH, Levine JE, Dumesic DA: Translational insight into polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from female monkeys with PCOS-like traits. Curr Pharm Des 2016;22:5625–5633.
13West C, Foster DL, Evans NP, Robinson J, Padmanabhan V: Intra-follicular activin availability is altered in prenatally-androgenized lambs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001;185:51–59.
14Sullivan SD, Moenter SM: Prenatal androgens alter GABAergic drive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons: implications for a common fertility disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:7129–7134.
15Foecking EM, Szabo M, Schwartz NB, Levine JE: Neuroendocrine consequences of prenatal androgen exposure in the female rat: absence of luteinizing hormone surges, suppression of progesterone receptor gene expression, and acceleration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator. Biol Reprod 2005;72:1475–1483.
16Padmanabhan V, Cardoso RC, Puttabyatappa M: Developmental programming, a pathway to disease. Endocrinology 2016;157:1328–1340.
17Walters KA: Androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome: lessons from experimental models. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016;23:257–263.
18Moore AM, Campbell RE: Polycystic ovary syndrome: understanding the role of the brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017;46:1–14.
19de Zegher F, Ibáñez L: Early Origins of polycystic ovary syndrome: hypotheses may change without notice. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:3682–3685.
20Filippou P, Homburg R: Is foetal hyperexposure to androgens a cause of PCOS? Hum Reprod Update 2017;23:421–432.
21Beck-Peccoz P, Padmanabhan V, Baggiani AM, Cortelazzi D, Buscaglia M, Medri G, Marconi AM, Pardi G, Beitins IZ: Maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in normal human fetuses: circulating levels of gonadotropins, their common alpha-subunit and free testosterone, and discrepancy between immunological and biological activities of circulating follicle-stimulating hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:525–532.
22Abbott DH, Barnett DK, Levine JE, Padmanabhan V, Dumesic DA, Jacoris S, Tarantal AF: Endocrine antecedents of polycystic ovary syndrome in fetal and infant prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys. Biol Reprod 2008;79:154–163.
23Veiga-Lopez A, Steckler TL, Abbott DH, Welch KB, MohanKumar PS, Phillips DJ, Refsal K, Padmanabhan V: Developmental programming: impact of excess prenatal testosterone on intrauterine fetal endocrine milieu and growth in sheep. Biol Reprod 2011;84:87–96.
24Palomba S, Marotta R, Di Cello A, Russo T, Falbo A, Orio F, Tolino A, Zullo F, Esposito R, La Sala GB: Pervasive developmental disorders in children of hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a longitudinal case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012;77:898–904.
25Schindler AE: Hormones in human amniotic fluid. Monogr Endocrinol 1982;21:1–158.
26Cesta CE, Månsson M, Palm C, Lichtenstein P, Iliadou AN, Landén M: Polycystic ovary syndrome and psychiatric disorders: co-morbidity and heritability in a nationwide Swedish cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016;73:196–203.
27Sir-Petermann T, Maliqueo M, Angel B, Lara HE, Pérez-Bravo F, Recabarren SE: Maternal serum androgens in pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: possible implications in prenatal androgenization. Hum Reprod 2002;17:2573–2579.
28Tata B, Mimouni NEH, Barbotin AL, Malone SA, Loyens A, Pigny P, Dewailly D, Catteau-Jonard S, Sundström-Poromaa I, Piltonen TT, Dal Bello F, Medana C, Prevot V, Clasadonte J, Giacobini P: Elevated prenatal anti-Müllerian hormone reprograms the fetus and induces polycystic ovary syndrome in adulthood. Nat Med 2018;24:834–846.
29Maliqueo M, Lara HE, Sánchez F, Echiburú B, Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T: Placental steroidogenesis in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013;166:151–155.
30Fux-Otta C, Maliqueo M, Echiburú B, Rosato O, Crisosto N, Iraci GS, Fiol de Cuneo M, Szafryk de Mereshian P, Sir-Petermann T: Pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in two Latin American populations. J Obstet Gynaecol 2018;38:750–755.
31Palm CVB, Glintborg D, Kyhl HB, McIntyre HD, Jensen RC, Jensen TK, Jensen DM, Andersen M: Polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. A narrative