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Global Landscape of Nutrition Challenges in Infants and Children


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exclusive breastfeeding through the first 6 months [7]. Despite the important benefits of breastfeeding, less than half of all infants are exclusively breastfed through the first 6 months of life [18]. The most recent data from UNICEF show global exclusive breastfeeding rates at 41%. East Asia and the Pacific region had the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 22%, while Eastern and Southern Africa had the highest rates at 56% [18]. Within India, the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 54.9% in 2015–2016, compared to 46.4% in 2005–2006 (Table 1) [19, 20].

      Complementary Feeding

      Within India, the only CF indicator evaluated in both the 2005–2006 and the 2015–2016 national surveys was the percent of children aged 6–8 months receiving solid or semi-solid food and breastmilk [19, 20]. The percent of children who received solid or semi-solid food and breastmilk decreased by 10%, despite data that showed the breastfeeding indicators substantially increased during this period (Table 1) [19, 20]. While the reasons for this decrease are not clear, CF programs and policies should be strengthened as part of infant and young child nutrition (IYCN) programs.

      Caregiver Feeding Styles