David Hume

The History of England Volume IV


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      THE HISTORY

      OF ENGLAND

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      VOLUME IV

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      This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.

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      The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as a design element in Liberty Fund books is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash.

      Foreword © 1983 by Liberty Fund, Inc.

      Margin notes have been moved from the margin of the paragraph in the print edition to precede the paragraph in this eBook, in a smaller font.

      This eBook edition published in 2013.

      eBook ISBN: E-PUB 978-1-61487-167-5

       www.libertyfund.org

      CONTENTS

      OF THE FOURTH VOLUME

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       XXXIX

       State of Europe — Civil wars of France — Havre de Grace put in possession of the English — A parliament — Havre lost — Scots affairs — The queen of Scots marries the earl of Darnley — Confederacy against the protestants — Murder of Rizzio — A parliament — Murder of Darnley — Queen of Scots marries Bothwel — Insurrections in Scotland — Imprisonment of Mary — Mary flies into England — Conferences at York and Hampton Court

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       XL

       Character of the puritans — Duke of Norfolk’s conspiracy — Insurrection in the north — Assassination of the earl of Murray — A parliament — Civil wars of France — Affairs of the Low Countries — New conspiracy of the duke of Norfolk — Trial of Norfolk — His execution — Scots affairs — French affairs — Massacre of Paris — French affairs — Civil wars of the Low Countries — A parliament

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       XLI

       Scots affairs — Spanish affairs — Sir Francis Drake — A parliament — Negociations of marriage with the duke of Anjou — Scots affairs — Letter of queen Mary to Elizabeth — Conspiracies in England — A parliament — The ecclesiastical commission — Affairs of the Low Countries — Hostilities with Spain

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       XLII

       Zeal of the catholics — Babington’s conspiracy — Mary assents to the conspiracy — The conspirators seized and executed — Resolution to try the queen of Scots — The commissioners prevail on her to submit to the trial — The trial — Sentence against Mary — Interposition of king James — Reasons for the execution of Mary — The execution — Mary’s character — The queen’s affected sorrow — Drake destroys the Spanish fleet at Cadiz — Philip projects the invasion of England — The invincible Armada — Preparations in England — The Armada arrives in the channel — Defeated — A parliament — Expedition against Portugal — Scots affairs

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       XLIII

       French affairs — Murder of the duke of Guise — Murder of Henry the third — Progress of Henry the fourth — Naval enterprizes against Spain — A Parliament — Henry the fourth embraces the catholic religion — Scots affairs — Naval enterprizes — A parliament — Peace of Vervins — The earl of Essex

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       XLIV

       State of Ireland — Tyrone’s rebellion — Essex sent over to Ireland — His ill success — Returns to England — Is disgraced — His intrigues — His insurrection — His trial and execution — French affairs — Mountjoy’s success in Ireland — Defeat of the Spaniards and Irish — A parliament — Tyrone’s submission — Queen’s sickness — And death — And character

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       APPENDIX III

       Government of England — Revenues — Commerce — Military force — Manners — Learning

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      THE HISTORY

      OF ENGLAND

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      VOLUME IV

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      1558.

      Queen’s popularity.

      IN A NATION so divided as the English, it could scarcely be expected, that the death of one sovereign, and the accession of another, who was generally believed to have embraced opposite principles to those which prevailed, could be the object of universal satisfaction: Yet so much were men displeased with the present conduct of affairs, and such apprehensions were entertained of futurity, that the people, overlooking their theological disputes, expressed a general and unfeigned joy that the scepter had passed into the hand of Elizabeth. That princess had discovered great prudence in her conduct during the reign of