4 examines the role of AI and IoT based intelligent automation of robotics in case of healthcare. Chapter 5 explores the skill transfer to robots based on semantically represented the activities of humans. Chapter 6 illustrates the healthcare robots enabled with IoT and artificial intelligence for old aged patients. Chapter 7 explores the robotics, AI and IoT in defense system. Chapter 8 describes the techniques of robotics for automation using AI and IoT. Chapter 9 discusses an artificial intelligence based smart task responder that is android robot for human instruction using LSTM technique. Chapter 10 explores the robotics, AI and IoT in medical and healthcare. Chapter 11 scrutinizes real time mild and moderate Covid’19 human body temperature detection using AI. Chapter 12 shows the role of drones in smart cities. Chapter 13 presents UAV’s in terms of agriculture prospective. Chapter 14 discussed the semi-automated parking system by using DSDV and RFID. Chapter 15 reviews on the various technologies involved in vehicle to vehicle communication. Chapter 16 explores about the smart wheelchair. Chapter 17 explores defaulters list using facial recognition. Chapter 18 introduces visitor/intruder monitoring system using machine learning. Chapter 19 provides a comparison of machine learning algorithms for air pollution monitoring system. Chapter 20 discusses a novel approach towards audio watermarking using FFT and Cordic Q-R decomposition. Chapter 21 explores the performance of DC biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in visible light communication. Chapter 22 illustrates the microcontroller based variable rate syringe pump for microfluidic application. Chapter 23 illustrates the analysis of emotion in speech signal processing and rejection of noise. Chapter 24 discusses regarding securing cloud data by using blend cryptography with AWS services.
Overall, this book is designed for exploring global technological information about the AI and IoT based intelligent automation in robotics. Armed with specific usage practices, applicability, framework and challenges readers can make informed choices about the adoption of AI and IoT based intelligent automation. It may be helpful in the development of efficient framework and models in the adoption of these techniques in different domains.
It is a great pleasure for us to acknowledge the contributions and assistance of many individuals. We would like to thank all the authors who submitted chapters for their contributions and fruitful discussion that made this book a great success. We hope the readers find value and future insights into the contributions made by the authors. This book also opens up further avenues and opportunities for the future research. We are very thankful to the team of Scrivener publishing specially to Martin Scrivener for providing the meticulous service for timely publication of this book. We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude for the encouragement and support offered by our Institutions/Universities and colleagues. Last but not least, we gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement and patience of our families.
Ashutosh Kumar DubeyAbhishek Kumar S. Rakesh Kumar N. Gayathri Prasenjit Das February 2021
1
Introduction to Robotics
Srinivas Kumar Palvadi1, Pooja Dixit2 and Vishal Dutt3*
1Department of Computer Science Engineering, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2Sophia Girls’ College (Autonomous), Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
3Department of Computer Science, Aryabhatta College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
These days, automation plays a major role in all sectors of society and the technology of robotic automation is very much in demand along with other significantly trending concepts such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cloud Computing. Many people are showing interest in purchasing things which have process automation; for example, do not increase speed once they reach a certain point and automatically turn off the water tank when it is about to overfill. Robotics is also the technology where when an instruction is given to the device it acts accordingly based on the user instruction. When we want the robot to perform based on the user instruction, we first have to train the device or robot with the instructions for the particular task we want to do. For example, if we give a data set to the robot for creation of coffee and we give an instruction to the robot to “Prepare Tea,” the robot doesn’t respond to the request because the request doesn’t match the available datasets in the robot. In this chapter, I will focus on a basic introduction to robots, their architecture and the equipment needed for designing robots.
Keywords: Machine learning, IoT, AI, energy, drones, nano tubes, energy, actuation
1.1 Introduction
“Robotics” or “robots” is a very popular term which we are increasingly hearing day by day. The word “robotics” was derived from the word “robot,” which comes from the Slavic word “robota,” meaning slave/servant. Robots were introduced to society by George C. Devol, who generally referred to them as artificial people. Generally, robots consist of different components such as sensors, controlling devices, manipulators, power supply as well as software to perform the defined action. A combination of these characteristics forms the robot. For preparing the perfect robot we have to proceed with designing, building, programming as well as testing the robot using a combination of physics, mathematics, computational techniques, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and structural engineering. In some of the particular scenarios the concepts of biology, chemistry and medicine are also involved based on the requirements. Generally, robot technology is used [1] in environments where a human cannot perform the action.
Many people treat robots as machines but in many of the real-time applications robots replace the person and also act as a person, such as the androids in the movies Star Wars, Terminator and Star Trek: The Next Generation. The robots capture human faces and activities and perform tasks as a person does. Even though developers are implementing many advancements in robots and using them in many applications, they are not able to develop enough common sense in them because robots perform the task based on the user’s instructions but can’t predict future actions by doing tasks in a dynamic manner. So, regarding this topic, many of the researchers are working in this domain under the research domain named “humanoid robots.”
Most of the robots which were created till now are very dangerous, boring, onerous and just plain nasty. We can find these types of robots in the medical, automobile, manufacturing, and