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LOCAL ANATOMICAL AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Carlos Garaicoa-Pazmiño, DDS, MS
DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
Biofilm: A multispecies community of microorganisms that adhere to each other and a surface and are encased in an extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a complex polymeric substance that protects the microorganisms from environmental stresses. Bacteria living in a biofilm have a different physiology from free-living bacteria and are more difficult to eradicate with antibiotics. Dental plaque is the prototypical example of a biofilm.1
Calculus: A hard concretion that forms on teeth or dental prostheses through calcification of microbial plaque.1
Subgingival calculus: Calculus