enzyme replacement therapy In utero gene therapy Conclusions References
38 31 Maternal Genetic Disorders That Affect Fetal Health Introduction to inherited metabolic disorders A genetic disorder with a teratogenic effect on the fetus: phenylketonuria Genetic disorders precipitated by catabolic states including the late third trimester, intrapartum, and the puerperium: disabled protein breakdown Disorders of energy metabolism aggravated by maternal–fetal anabolic states Disorders of metal metabolism Connective tissue disorders Maternal skeletal dyplasias (chondrodystrophies) Neuromuscular disorders Hematologic disorders References
39 32 Pregnancy Termination for Genetic Disorders: Indications and Complications Introduction First‐trimester pregnancy termination techniques Second‐trimester techniques Selective abortion/fetal reduction in multiple gestations Conclusions Acknowledgments References
40 33 Providing Supportive Psychosocial Care to Parents after Perinatal Loss Introduction Perinatal Loss Complex grief after perinatal loss Highly intense grief and associated health issues Termination of pregnancy for severe or lethal fetal anomaly Needs of healthcare providers Hutti Theoretical Framework of Perinatal Grief Intensity Use of the Hutti Theoretical Framework in clinical practice Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale Communicating bad news to parents Interventions for high‐quality perinatal bereavement care Conclusion References
41 34 Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Infection Prenatal diagnosis of fetal toxoplasmosis Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cytomegalovirus infection Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella Prenatal diagnosis of fetal varicella infection Prenatal diagnosis of human parvovirus B19 infection Prenatal diagnosis of Zika virus Prenatal counseling in the midst of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic Acknowledgments References
42 35 Medicolegal Aspects of Prenatal Diagnosis General concepts of medical malpractice The constitutional right of privacy in reproductive decisions The role of informed consent in medical treatment Suits for wrongful birth and wrongful life The impact of concerns about abortion on wrongful birth and wrongful life claims Future trends Summary of alleged negligent acts and outcomes in wrongful birth and wrongful life suits Statutes addressing claims for wrongful birth and wrongful life as well as abortion in the case of fetal anomaly References
43 36 Prenatal and Preimplantation Diagnosis: International Policy Perspectives Introduction Prenatal diagnosis Legal approaches Professional guidelines Preimplantation genetic diagnosis Sex selection in prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis Emerging technologies, new issues? References
44 37 Ethical Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of Genetic Disorders in the Fetus Professional ethics in obstetrics Clinical applications of professional ethics in obstetrics