and Offspring Summary References 90 Cloning by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Introduction and Brief History Procedures Involved Challenges Associated Summary References 91 Application of CRISPR‐Cas9 Technology in Bovine Reproduction Introduction Basics of the Genome History of CRISPR Technology Reproduction and CRISPR‐Cas9 Technology The Cattle Industry and CRISPR‐Cas9 Technology Limitations of CRISPR‐Cas9 Applications US Regulation of Gene‐Edited Food Animals References
22 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Primary steroid and peptide hormones synthesized and/or secreted by...
2 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Genetic correlations (rg) between scrotal circumference, growth tra...Table 6.2 Age adjustment factors for scrotal circumference (SC) at 365 days o...Table 6.3 Age, weight, and scrotal circumference (SC) at puberty (ejaculate w...Table 6.4 Effect of prepubertal nutrition (before 6 months of age) on age at ...
3 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Layout of an example label for keys used by the Western College of ...Table 9.2 Listing of recognized sperm defects.Table 9.3 Abnormal sperm morphologies, artifacts, and other cells not include...
4 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Basic AIC testing protocol per CSS testing requirements.
5 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Classification of preputial prolapse.
6 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Common nerve blocks with landmarks and volume of lidocaine for ref...
7 Chapter 25Table 25.1 Characteristics of bovine ovarian follicles during development.Table 25.2 Developmental rates of bovine ovarian follicles.
8 Chapter 26Table 26.1 Bovineuterine blood flow (UBF) during the first trimester of pregn...Table 26.2 Bovine uterine blood flow (UBF) during the second trimester of pre...Table 26.3 Bovine uterine blood flow (UBF) during the third trimester of preg...
9 Chapter 29Table 29.1 Cost summary (USD) for developing a replacement heifer.Table 29.2 Effects of dry‐lot development (DL) or grazing a combination of co...Table 29.3 Effect of maternal protein supplementation on heifer progeny perfo...
10 Chapter 30Table 30.1 Target body condition score and production cycle.Table 30.2 Summary of target body weight, height, and average daily gain (ADG...Table 30.3 Summary of coccidiostats used in bovine medicine.Table 30.4 Summary of most commonly used labeled antimicrobials available in ...Table 30.5 Summary of the top four dry cow therapy intramammary antimicrobial...
11 Chapter 31Table 31.1 Nutrient rephysiological state and time.Table 31.2 Estimated empty‐body fat and protein associated with BCS.Table 31.3 Shrunk body weight (SBW) change associated with a change in one BC...Table 31.4 Decision‐making tree for visual assignment of BCS of beef cattle.Table 31.5 Recommended dietary mineral concentrations and maximum tolerable c...
12 Chapter 32Table 32.1 Incidence of some metabolic disorders of dairy cows.
13 Chapter 34Table 34.1 Direct and indirect causes of anestrus in cattle.1Table 34.2 P/AI after Ovsynch/TAI in dairy cows classified as anestrous or cy...Table 34.3 P/AI in anestrous dairy cows subjected to Ovsynch/TAI with or with...Table 34.4 Ovarian responses to GnRH treatments, based on ultrasonography, an...
14 Chapter 36Table 36.1 Fluctuating temperatures in the neck of a typical semen storage ta...Table 36.2 Thermal response of semen straw exposed to refrigerated and ambien...Table 36.3 Temperature of semen (°C) in 0.5‐ml French straws after water bath...
15 Chapter 38Table 38.1 Comparison of different methods of pregnancy diagnosis.Table 38.2 Size of various reproductive organs and fetal structures that can ...
16 Chapter 39Table 39.1 Summary of biochemical indicators presently used for the diagnosis...
17 Chapter 40Table 40.1 Ultrasonic appearance of embryonic and fetal structures by days in...
18 Chapter 41Table 41.1 Pathogens associated with reproductive wastage in beef cows by ges...Table 41.2 Agent‐related abortions categorized by period of gestation and dia...Table 41.3 Use of reproductive vaccines by cow/calf operations.Table 41.4 Example vaccination program based on risk management concept.
19 Chapter 44Table 44.1 Production evaluators of reproductive and calf performance.Table 44.2 Suggested production benchmarks for mid‐western herds.
20 Chapter 45Table 45.1 Reproductive metric averages, standard deviations, and top 20th pe...Table 45.2 Estrus detection (ED)‐based insemination rates and P/AI for firs...Table 45.3 FSTAI conception risk results in research settings. Refer to refer...Table 45.4 SSTAI conception risk results in research settings. Refer to refer...Table 45.5 Summary of breeding interval herd data from 37 dairy herds with a ...Table 45.6 Reported late embryonic loss.
21 Chapter 49Table 49.1 Breed of sire means (in pounds) for 2011‐born animals under condit...
22 Chapter 54Table 54.1 Risk factors associated with the development of uterine diseases i...
23 Chapter 56Table 56.1 Disease‐causing agents associated with endemic fetal losses.Table 56.2 Possible causes for gross and microscopic lesions in bovine fetuse...Table 56.3 Gestational age estimates of bovine fetuses.Table 56.4 Contents for abortion kit.Table 56.5 Fresh specimens collected for fetal and neonatal diagnostics.Table 56.6 Summary of diagnostic tests for bovine abortion.Table 56.7 Approximate stages of development when abortion occurs for specifi...
24 Chapter 59Table 59.1 Important maintenance hosts for differentLeptospira serovars that ...Table 59.2 Summary of clinical differences between infections with Hardjo and...Table 59.3 Summary of commonly used diagnostic tests for detection of leptosp...
25 Chapter 66Table 66.1 Fungi isolated in culture from 369 US cases in which a single isol...
26 Chapter