maternal aspect on right...Figure 56.4 Aborted fetus; opened chest and abdomen. The lungs are uninflate...Figure 56.5 Fetus and placenta. The fetus exhibits generalized red discolora...Figure 56.6 Aborted fetus with Trueperella pyogenes infection; opened chest ...Figure 56.7 Fetal liver section with hepatitis. Multiple tan foci of necrosi...Figure 56.8 Fetus with fungal dermatitis. Coalescing, mildly bulging, gray/t...Figure 56.9 Fetal liver. The surface is tan and coarsely irregular. This cha...Figure 56.10 Fetal monster. A thoracopagus with shared viscera and four fore...Figure 56.11 Palatocheiloschisis; cleft palate and lip (mandible removed).Figure 56.12 Chondrodysplasia; Dexter “bulldog” calf.Figure 56.13 Schematic representations of the fetus in‐situ during mid‐gesta...Figure 56.14 Normal placenta. Cotyledon has a red velvety surface. The inter...Figure 56.15 Normal fetus and placenta after 2 months’ gestation. The calf i...Figure 56.16 Calf with umbilical artery thrombosis. Bilaterally the arteries...Figure 56.17 Fetus and amnion (opened). The amniotic fluid and skin are stai...Figure 56.18 Fetus with white mineral grit present over the shoulder. Not to...Figure 56.19 Placental membrane examination method. (Left) The long axis of ...Figure 56.20 Opened uterus with mummified fetuses. Friable, non‐odorous, hem...Figure 56.21 Fetal mummy. The carcass is shrunken and contracted with diffus...Figure 56.22 Opened uterine horn with a macerated fetus. Bone fragments in p...Figure 56.23 Acardiac monster with umbilicus. A hair‐covered soft tissue glo...Figure 56.24 Chorioallantois, maternal aspect, with adventitial placentation...Figure 56.25 Chorioallantois, fetal aspect, with adventitial placentation. A...Figure 56.26 Fetus and placenta. The fetus is edematous (anasarca) with yell...Figure 56.27 Fetus with anasarca.Figure 56.28 Brain, dorsolateral aspect. Hydrocephalus, with collapse of cer...Figure 56.29 Fetus and placenta (amniotic surface exposed). The umbilicus an...Figure 56.30 Placenta, umbilicus, and fetal aspect of amnion. Numerous coale...Figure 56.31 Chorioallantois with uterine horn tips. The horn at the top is ...Figure 56.32 Hippomane and avascular chorion tip.Figure 56.33 Meconium aspiration; stillbirth due to severe neurologic malfor...Figure 56.34 Spina bifida; failure of proper development of vertebra, spinal...Figure 56.35 Hypospadia; failure of the ventral urethal fold to close from a...Figure 56.36 Chorioallantois with bacterial placentitis. Hemorrhage and fibr...Figure 56.37 Brain, coronal section. BHV‐5 necrotizing meningoencephalitis; ...Figure 56.38 Brain, dorsolateral aspect. Hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypo...Figure 56.39 Placenta with fungal placentitis and Aspergillus sp. Placentome...Figure 56.A1 Abortion case submission form: abortion diagnosis.
49 Chapter 58Figure 58.1 Infusion pipette and Pizzle Stick used for collection of smegma ...Figure 58.2 Positioning of smegma collection device in preputial orifice of ...Figure 58.3 Positioning of smegma collection device at preputial fornix of a...Figure 58.4 Smegma collected with the Pizzle Stick being transferred into Mo...Figure 58.5 T. foetus.
50 Chapter 62Figure 62.1 (a) Mummification of a bovine fetus following exposure of a preg...Figure 62.2 Cerebellar hypoplasia in a two‐day‐old Holstein calf. The calf h...Figure 62.3 Severe esophageal erosions and ulcers in a steer with acute muco...
51 Chapter 63Figure 63.1 (a) Schematic model of Schmallenberg virus virion morphology wit...Figure 63.2 Calf (a) and lamb (b) congenitally infected with Schmallenberg v...Figure 63.3 Calves congenitally infected with Schmallenberg virus born with ...
52 Chapter 64Figure 64.1 Gross changes in P. abortibovis‐infected fetuses: (a) fibrinous ...Figure 64.2 Gross and histologic changes of thymus in P. abortibovis‐infecte...Figure 64.3 (a) P. abortibovis‐infected thymus, modified Steiner silver stai...Figure 64.4 Published reports of trapped O. coriaceus (blue circles). Recent...
53 Chapter 65Figure 65.1 Life cycle of Neospora caninum.Figure 65.2 Transmission of bovine neosporosis. Oocysts are produced by the ...
54 Chapter 66Figure 66.1 Bovine mycotic placentitis produced by A. fumigatus. Cotyledons ...Figure 66.2 Photomicrograph of a lactophenol cotton blue‐stained slide of A....
55 Chapter 67Figure 67.1 Differences in estrus detection rate, pregnancy/AI, and 21‐day p...Figure 67.2 Differences between heifers and lactating cows in effects of hea...Figure 67.3 Seasonal changes in various characteristics of estrus in lactati...Figure 67.4 Seasonal variation in Brazil for oocyte competence for developme...Figure 67.5 Changes in developmental competence of oocytes harvested from Gi...Figure 67.6 Seasonal changes in fertilization rate in Holsteins in Wisconsin...Figure 67.7 Effects of heat shock (41 °C for 6 hours) on the ultrastructure ...Figure 67.8 Effect of level of milk production (high vs low) and the degree ...Figure 67.9 Pregnancy success after embryo transfer in cool and hot weather ...
56 Chapter 68Figure 68.1 Alpha diversity is the microbial diversity within a sample. Alph...
57 Chapter 69Figure 69.1 Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). USDA‐NRCS PLANTS Database.Figure 69.2 Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae).Figure 69.3 Milk vetch (Astragalus spp.). USDA‐NRCS PLANTS Database.Figure 69.4 Silver lupine (Lupinus albifrons Benth).Figure 69.5 Arthrogryposis of hindlimbs (crooked calf).Figure 69.6 Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). USDA‐NRCS PLANTS Database.Figure 69.7 Fescue foot: dry gangrenous dermatitis secondary to “fescue toxi...
58 Chapter 70Figure 70.1 AM in an Angus calf that was born dead. Note generalized muscle ...Figure 70.2 Developmental duplication in an Angus calf. Note the notomelia....Figure 70.3 Developmental duplication in Angus calves born dead. Note the pa...Figure 70.4 Neuropathic hydrocephalus in an Angus calf that was born dead. N...Figure 70.5 Oculocutaneous hypopigmentation in an Angus calf. Note the pale ...Figure 70.6 Calf with pulmonary hypoplasia with anasarca syndrome delivered ...Figure 70.7 Thorax of a calf with pulmonary hypoplasia with anasarca syndrom...
59 Chapter 71Figure 71.1 Number of bovine embryos produced and transferred worldwide in 2...Figure 71.2 Gene expression in mammals. Shown is a pictorial representation ...Figure 71.3 Why add serum to the culture medium? Shown are day 5 (left; a) a...Figure 71.4 Examples of spontaneous AOS. (a) Dead SLOS calf at birth (yellow...Figure 71.5 Loss of methylation at KvDMR1 in SLOS. Each circle represents a ...Figure 71.6 Examples of calf death, adverse outcomes to the dams, and financ...
60 Chapter 74Figure 74.1 One‐day‐old calf with hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
61 Chapter 75Figure 75.1 Relationship between colostrum absorption and serum Ig of the ca...Figure 75.2 Instructions on using a colostrometer. (Note instructions includ...Figure 75.3 Instructions on using the Brix refractometer. (Note instructions...Figure 75.4 Assessment of colostral quality, measurements, and recommendatio...
62 Chapter 76Figure 76.1 Examples of phenotypic outcomes for completely dominant Mendelia...Figure 76.2 An example of recessive lethal alleles.Figure 76.3 Managing breeding decisions can diminish the effect of lethal an...Figure 76.4 Example for the use of parentage testing: You are a cattle produ...Figure 76.5 The difference between continuous and discontinuous traits.Figure 76.6 The data that go into the calculation of EPDs and PTAs.Figure 76.7 Pedigree and genomic relatedness.Figure 76.8 Grandparent relationship.Figure 76.9 Average sire BV for daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) from 1957 to 2...Figure 76.10 Average sire BV for cow conception rate (CCR) from 2000 to 2017...Figure 76.11 AverageHP EPD in Angus from 1972 to 2018.Figure 76.12 Average sustained cow fertility (SCF) EPD in Herefords from 198...Figure 76.13 Haplotypes are made up of concatenating SNPs.Figure 76.14 DNA repair processes.
63 Chapter 77Figure 77.1 Schematic representation of surrogate sire technology. Spermatog...Figure 77.2 Options for donor germ cell types for germ cell transplantation ...
64 Chapter 78Figure 78.1 Sealing of straws using metal beads.Figure 78.2 Cold cabinet used for semen cooling and packaging.Figure 78.3 Programmable freezers for semen straws as well as embryos.Figure 78.4 Vapor freezing by placing straws on a rack 5 cm above liquid nit...Figure 78.5 Straws plunged into liquid nitrogen.
65 Chapter 79Figure 79.1 Schematic of flow cytometry for sorting X‐ and Y‐bearing bovine ...Figure 79.2 Genesis III sperm sorter for gender selection.
66 Chapter 81Figure 81.1 Comparison of CEROS (Hamilton‐Thorne) and SCA (Sperm Class Analy...Figure 81.2 Comparison of (a) good and (b) bad resolution of spermatozoa fro...Figure 81.3 Comparative analysis of pass/fail percentage between standard QC...
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