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Processing of Ceramics


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natural science and fully understanding the theory” leads to a conclusion. In other words, there seems to be a possibility that the pursuit of natural science has been insufficient, and that the future of ceramic materials could be easily predicted with insufficient understanding of the theory.

Photos depict (a) the appearance of Nd:YAG ceramics with 300 mm length (b) condition of internal scattering line when He–Ne laser irradiated into Nd:YAG ceramics. Photos depict the comparative data of (a) Polycrystalline and (b) single crystal by Czochralski growth of 1%Nd:YAG materials by appearance, wave front distortion, beam patter of He–Ne laser which passed through test sample. Schematic illustration of transmittance spectra between UV (vacuum) infrared wavelength of most excellent polycrystalline Spinel ceramics, single crystal Spinel by Verneuil and Czochralski method.