aid to Cuba beginning in 1992. Instead
of highly subsidized trade, Cuba has been shifting to trade at market prices
in convertible currencies. Because of increasingly severe shortages of
fuels, industrial raw materials, and spare parts, aggregate output dropped
by one-fifth in 1991.
GNP:
$17 billion, per capita $1,580; real growth rate -20% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
NA%
Budget:
revenues $12.46 billion; expenditures $14.45 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)
Exports:
$3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
commodities:
sugar, nickel, medical products, shellfish, citrus, tobacco, coffee
partners:
former USSR 63%, China 6%, Canada 4%, Japan 4% (1991 est.)
Imports:
$3.7 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.)
commodities:
petroleum, capital goods, industrial raw materials, food
partners:
former USSR 47%, Spain 8%, China 6%, Argentina 5%, Italy 4%, Mexico 3% (1991
est.)
External debt:
$6.8 billion (convertible currency, July 1989)
Industrial production:
growth rate 0%; accounts for 45% of GDP (1989)
Electricity:
3,889,000 kW capacity; 16,272 million kWh produced, 1,516 kWh per capita
(1991)
Industries:
sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles,
chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement,
fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery
Agriculture:
accounts for 11% of GNP (including fishing and forestry); key commercial
crops - sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits; other products - coffee,
rice, potatoes, meat, beans; world's largest sugar exporter; not
self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar)
:Cuba Economy
Economic aid:
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),
$710 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18.5 billion
Currency:
Cuban peso (plural - pesos); 1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates:
Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (linked to the US dollar)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Cuba Communications
Railroads:
12,947 km total; Cuban National Railways operates 5,053 km of 1.435-meter
gauge track; 151.7 km electrified; 7,742 km of sugar plantation lines of
0.914-m and 1.435-m gauge
Highways:
26,477 km total; 14,477 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced (1989
est.)
Inland waterways:
240 km
Ports:
Cienfuegos, Havana, Mariel, Matanzas, Santiago de Cuba; 7 secondary, 35
minor
Merchant marine:
77 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 537,464 GRT/755,824 DWT; includes 46
cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 1 cargo/training, 11 petroleum tanker, 1
chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 4 bulk; note - Cuba beneficially owns an
additional 45 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 574,047 DWT under the
registry of Panama, Cyprus, and Malta
Civil air:
88 major transport aircraft
Airports:
189 total, 167 usable; 73 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways
over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
broadcast stations - 150 AM, 5 FM, 58 TV; 1,530,000 TVs; 2,140,000 radios;
229,000 telephones; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
:Cuba Defense Forces
Branches:
Revolutionary Armed Forces (including Ground Forces, Revolutionary Navy
(MGR), Air and Air Defense Force[DAAFR]), Ministry of Interior and Ministry
of Defense Special Troops, Border Guard Troops, Territorial Militia Troops,
Youth Labor Army, Civil Defense, National Revolutionary Police
Manpower availability:
eligible 15-49, 6,130,641; of the 3,076,276 males 15-49, 1,925,648 are fit
for military service; of the 3,054,365 females 15-49, 1,907,281 are fit for
military service; 97,973 males and 94,514 females reach military age (17)
annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $1.2-1.4 billion, 6% of GNP (1989 est.)
:Cyprus Geography
Total area:
9,250 km2
Land area:
9,240 km2
Comparative area:
about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
648 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf:
200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas - a
Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (60% of the island's land
area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (35% of the island) that are separated by a
narrow UN buffer zone; in addition, there are two UK sovereign base areas
(about 5% of the island's land area)
Climate:
temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters
Terrain:
central plain with mountains to north and south
Natural resources:
copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
Land use:
arable land 40%; permanent crops 7%; meadows and pastures 10%; forest and
woodland 18%; other 25%; includes irrigated 10% (most irrigated lands are in
the Turkish-Cypriot