United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 1992 CIA World Factbook


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Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri,

       Phnom Phen City*, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri,

       Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

       Independence:

       8 November 1949 (from France)

       Constitution:

       a new constitution will be drafted after the national election in 1993

       National holiday:

       NGC - Independence Day, 17 April (1975); SOC - Liberation Day, 7 January

       (1979)

       Executive branch:

       a twelve-member Supreme National Council (SNC), chaired by Prince NORODOM

       SIHANOUK, composed of representatives from each of the four political

       factions; faction names and delegation leaders are: State of Cambodia (SOC)

       - HUN SEN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK or Khmer Rouge) - KHIEU SAMPHAN; Khmer

       People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) - SON SANN; National United Front

       for an Independent, Peaceful, Neutral, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC)

       - Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH

       Legislative branch:

       pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's National

       Assembly is the only functioning national legislative body

       Judicial branch:

       pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's Supreme

       People's Court is the only functioning national judicial body

       Leaders:

       Chief of State:

       SNC - Chairman Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, under United Nations's supervision

       Head of Government:

       NGC - vacant, formerly held by SON SANN (since July 1982); will be

       determined following the national election in 1993; SOC - Chairman of the

       Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)

       Political parties and leaders:

       Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU

       SAMPHAN; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP) (name

       changed and HENG SAMRIN replaced in October 1991) under CHEA SIM; Khmer

       People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN; National United

       Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia

       (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANNARIDH

       Suffrage:

       universal at age 18

       Elections:

       UN-supervised election for a 120-member constituent assembly based on

       proportional representation within each province will be held nine months

       after UN-organized voter registration is complete; the election is not

       anticipated before April 1993; the assembly will draft and approve a

       constitution and then transform itself into a legislature that will create a

       new Cambodian Government

      :Cambodia Government

      Member of:

       AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL,

       ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

       Diplomatic representation:

       the Supreme National Council (SNC) represents Cambodia in international

       organizations - it filled UN seat in September 1991

       US:

       Charles TWINNING is the US representative to Cambodia

       Flag:

       SNC - blue background with white map of Cambodia in middle; SOC - two equal

       horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold stylized five-towered

       temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

      :Cambodia Economy

      Overview:

       Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been

       stymied by deadly political infighting. The economy is based on agriculture

       and related industries. Over the past decade Cambodia has been slowly

       recovering from its near destruction by war and political upheaval. The food

       situation remains precarious; during the 1980s famine was averted only

       through international relief. In 1986 the production level of rice, the

       staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of domestic needs. The biggest

       success of the nation's recovery program has been in new rubber plantings

       and in fishing. Industry, other than rice processing, is almost nonexistent.

       Foreign trade has been primarily with the former USSR and Vietnam, and both

       trade and foreign aid are being adversely affected by the breakup of the

       USSR. Statistical data on the economy continue to be sparse and unreliable.

       Foreign aid from the former USSR and Eastern Europe has virtually stopped.

       GDP:

       exchange rate conversion - $930 million, per capita $130; real growth rate

       NA (1991 est.)

       Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       53% (1990 est.)

       Unemployment rate:

       NA%

       Budget:

       revenues $178 million expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of

       $NA (1991)

       Exports:

       $32 million (f.o.b., 1988)

       commodities:

       natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood

       partners:

       Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

       Imports:

       $147 million (c.i.f., 1988)

       commodities:

       international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery

       partners:

       Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

       External debt:

       $600 million (1989)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate NA%

       Electricity:

       140,000 kW capacity; 200 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1991)

       Industries:

       rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

       Agriculture:

       mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice,

       rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products,

       sugar, flour

       Economic aid:

       US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US

       countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8

       billion