4.0% in urban areas (1991)
Budget:
deficit $9.5 billion (1990)
Exports:
$71.9 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
commodities:
textiles, garments, telecommunications and recording equipment, petroleum,
minerals
partners:
Hong Kong, Japan, US, USSR, Singapore (1990)
Imports:
$63.8 billion (c.i.f., 1991)
commodities:
specialized industrial machinery, chemicals, manufactured goods, steel,
textile yarn, fertilizer
partners:
Hong Kong, Japan, US, Germany, Taiwan (1990)
External debt:
$51 billion (1990 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 14.0% (1991); accounts for 45% of GNP
Electricity:
138,000,000 kW capacity (1990); 670,000 million kWh produced (1991), 582 kWh
per capita (1991)
Industries:
iron, steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles, petroleum, cement,
chemical fertilizers, consumer durables, food processing
:China Economy
Agriculture:
accounts for 26% of GNP; among the world's largest producers of rice,
potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, and pork; commercial crops
include cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds; produces variety of livestock
products; basically self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 8 million metric
tons in 1986
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle
Economic aid:
donor - to less developed countries (1970-89) $7.0 billion; US commitments,
including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $220.7 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA
and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $13.5 billion
Currency:
yuan (plural - yuan); 1 yuan (Y) = 10 jiao
Exchange rates:
yuan (Y) per US$1 - 5.4481 (January 1992), 5.3234 (1991), 4.7832 (1990),
3.7651 (1989), 3.7221 (1988), 3.7221 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:China Communications
Railroads:
total about 54,000 km common carrier lines; 53,400 km 1.435-meter standard
gauge; 600 km 1.000-meter gauge; of these 11,200 km are double track
standard-gauge lines; 6,900 km electrified (1990); 10,000 km dedicated
industrial lines (gauges range from 0.762 to 1.067 meters)
Highways:
about 1,029,000 km (1990) all types roads; 170,000 km (est.) paved roads,
648,000 km (est.) gravel/improved earth roads, 211,000 km (est.) unimproved
earth roads and tracks
Inland waterways:
138,600 km; about 109,800 km navigable
Pipelines:
crude oil 9,700 km (1990); petroleum products 1,100 km; natural gas 6,200 km
Ports:
Dalian, Guangzhou, Huangpu, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Xingang,
Zhanjiang, Ningbo, Xiamen, Tanggu, Shantou
Merchant marine:
1,454 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,887,312 GRT/20,916,127 DWT;
includes 25 passenger, 42 short-sea passenger, 18 passenger-cargo, 6
cargo/training, 801 cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 77 container, 19
roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 multifunction/barge carrier, 177 petroleum tanker,
10 chemical tanker, 254 bulk, 3 liquefied gas, 1 vehicle carrier, 9
combination bulk, 1 barge carrier; note - China beneficially owns an
additional 194 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling approximately 7,077,089
DWT that operate under Panamanian, British, Hong Kong, Maltese, Liberian,
Vanuatu, Cyprus, and Saint Vincent registry
Civil air:
284 major transport aircraft (1988 est.)
Airports:
330 total, 330 usable; 260 with permanent-surface runways; fewer than 10
with runways over 3,500 m; 90 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 200 with runways
1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
domestic and international services are increasingly available for private
use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities,
industrial centers, and most townships; 11,000,000 telephones (December
1989); broadcast stations - 274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 repeaters) TV;
more than 215 million radio receivers; 75 million TVs; satellite earth
stations - 4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT,
and 55 domestic
:China Defense Forces
Branches:
People's Liberation Army (PLA), PLA Navy (including Marines), PLA Air Force,
People's Armed Police
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 339,554,712; 188,995,620 fit for military service; 11,691,967
reach military age (18) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $12-15 billion, NA of GNP (1991 est.)
:Christmas Island Geography
Total area:
135 km2
Land area:
135 km2
Comparative area:
about 0.8 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
138.9 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
12 nm
Exclusive fishing zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
3 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Terrain:
steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Natural resources:
phosphate
Land use:
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and