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Assisted reproduction techniques
Challenges and management options
Second Edition
Edited by
Khaldoun Sharif MBBCh (Hons), MD, MFFP, FRCOG, FACOG
Consultant Obstetrician and GynaecologistSubspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and SurgeryClinical DirectorFertility CenterJordan HospitalAmman, Jordan
Arri Coomarasamy MBChB, MD, FRCOG, FMedSci
Professor of GynaecologyDirector, Tommy’s National Centre for Miscarriage ResearchDirector, WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s HealthInstitute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham;Consultant Gynaecologist and Subspecialist in Reproductive MedicineCARE Fertility Birmingham and Birmingham Women's HospitalBirmingham, UK
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Edition History 1e (2012 by Blackwell Publishing)
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for
HB ISBN: 9781119622109
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © xia yuan/Getty Images
To my mother, my father, and Zena (KS) To Amma, Appa, Abdea, Tara, and Leela (AC)
Contributors
Imad Aboujaoude MD, AIHP (Paris) Director of the Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Chief, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Director Aboujaoude Hospital Beirut Lebanon
Basim Abu‐Rafea MD Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London, Ontario Canada
Chiara Achilli MD Consultant in Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Hewitt Fertility Centre Liverpool Women’s Hospital Liverpool UK
Masoud Afnan MB, BS, FRCOG Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Qingdao United Family Hospital Qingdao People’s Republic of China
Ashok Agarwal PhD, HCLD Professor in Surgery (Urology) Lerner College of Medicine and Case Western Reserve University Director, American Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Urology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio USA
Muataz Al‐Ramahi MD, MSc Director of Noor Fertility and Assisted Reproduction Unit Eye Specialty Hospital Amman Jordan
Dania