move, stiff gate, and overgrowth of hoof followed by progress of cracks and irregularities in horn development. Food or water are common exposure pathways of selenium in human beings. Typical symptoms of selenium toxicity in humans are hair and finger‐ and toenail loss, continuous worsening of health, queasiness, headache, tooth deterioration, tint of teeth, and nails with fragility and longitudinal strips (CGWB 2014).
Table 1.1 Geogenic contaminants in different parts of the country (India).
| Study area | As | F | SO4 | Na | Cl | Se | Cr | Mn | Fe | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cuttack City, Odisha, India | 0.03–1.5 ppm | Achary (2014a) | ||||||||
| Bhuvaneshwar City, Odisha, India | 0.32–7.7 ppm | Achary (2014a) | ||||||||
| Gangetic Plain, Jharkhand, India | 1–133 ppb in premonsoon, 2–98 ppb in monsoon and 7–115 ppb in postmonsoon | Alam et al. (2016) | ||||||||
| Punjab, India | 4–688 ppb | 0–10.09 ppm | 0.2–69.5 ppb | Aulakh et al. (2009) | ||||||
| Tripura, India | 0.025 ppm | 58.53 ppm | 2.68 ppm | 14.67 ppm | Banerjee et al. (2011) | |||||
| Golaghat District, Assam, India | 0.074–0.128 ppm | 0.02–2.5 ppm | 3.5–5.9 ppm | Chetia et al. (2011) | ||||||
| Kanpur, India | Not detected | 0.02–0.04 ppm | Dotaniya et al. (2017) | |||||||
| Northeast Rajasthan, India | 0.62–1.60 ppb | 2.04–3.48 ppm | 0.004–0.072 ppm | 0.045–0.151 ppm | Duggal et al. (2017) | |||||
| Uranium Mining Site, Jharkhand, India | 0.01–1.3 ppm | 0.06–5.3 ppm | Giri et al. (2010) | |||||||
| Northern Maharashtra, India | 0.026–0.361 ppm | 0–0.096 ppm | Golekar et al. (2013) | |||||||
| Jhajjar district, Haryana, India | 1.1 ppm | 214.2 ppm | Gupta and Misra (2018) | |||||||
| Sehore District, Madhya Pradesh, India | 0–27 ppb | 0–121 ppb | 0–3330 ppb | Jinwal et al. (2009) | ||||||
| Himanchal Pradesh, India | 2.25–117.5 ppb | 1–322.58 ppm | 0.02–0.041 ppm | 0.12–0.60 ppm | Kashyap et al. (2018) | |||||
| Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India | 2.9–1257 ppb | 2.2–74.7 ppb | 2.9–14 971 ppb | 38.8–576 | Krishna et al. (2009) | |||||
| Upper Gangetic basin, India | 1–36 ppb |
0.0011–0.415
|