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Table of Contents 1
Cover
5
Preface
6
CHAPTER 1: Definitions of Sarcopenia
SARCOPENIA: BIRTH AND FIRST STEPS
GROWTH AND ADOLESCENCE OF SARCOPENIA
MATURITY OF SARCOPENIA: RECENT DEFINITIONS
NEW PLAYERS: BONE, FAT, AND MUSCLE
THE FRONTIERS: FRAILTY, CACHEXIA, MALNUTRITION
THE RESEARCH ARENA
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
7
CHAPTER 2: Epidemiology of Muscle Mass Loss with Age
INTRODUCTION
MUSCLE MASS DIFFERENCES AMONG AGE GROUPS
CHANGE IN MUSCLE MASS WITH AGING
REFERENCES
8
CHAPTER 3: The Role of Mitochondria in Age‐Related Sarcopenia
MUSCLES TRANSFORM CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY
EVIDENCE THAT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION DECLINES WITH AGING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON MUSCLE HEALTH AND FUNCTION
CAUSES OF THE DECLINE OF MITOCHONDRIAL MASS AND OXIDATIVE CAPACITY IN AGING SKELETAL MUSCLE
ARE AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AT THE ROOT OF SARCOPENIA?
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
9
CHAPTER 4: Motor Unit Remodeling
OVERVIEW OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM
AGE‐RELATED MU REMODELING
LOSS OF MUSCLE FIBERS
REDUCED FIRING CAPACITY OF MUs
MECHANISMS OF MU REMODELING
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
10
CHAPTER 5: Nutrition, Protein Turnover and Muscle Mass
INTRODUCTION
EVIDENCES FOR A ROLE FOR NUTRITION IN SARCOPENIA
ANABOLIC RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN OLDER PERSONS
COMBINATION OF NUTRITIONAL AND TRAINING STRATEGIES
CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE DIRECTION
REFERENCES
11
CHAPTER 6: Recognizing Persons at Risk for Sarcopenia
SARC‐F
OTHER SCREENING TESTS FOR SARCOPENIA
CONCLUSION
DISCLOSURES
REFERENCES
12
CHAPTER 7: Adverse Outcomes and Functional Consequences of Sarcopenia
INTRODUCTION
MORTALITY
MOBILITY LIMITATIONS
FALLS AND FRACTURES
QUALITY OF LIFE
METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES
SECONDARY SARCOPENIA
CONTROVERSIES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
13
CHAPTER 8: A Lifecourse Approach to Sarcopenia
INTRODUCTION
A LIFECOURSE APPROACH
USE OF COHORT STUDIES ACROSS THE LIFECOURSE
LIFECOURSE CONSEQUENCES OF SARCOPENIA
LIFECOURSE DETERMINANTS OF SARCOPENIA
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
REFERENCES
14
CHAPTER