Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Application. Группа авторов

TCPP Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin SA Salicylic acid L-Cys L-Cystine 2-ME 2-mercaptoethanol PAMAM Poly(amidoamine) Try L-tryptophan Glu L-glutamic acid PUF Polyurethane foam Organic: Pollutant PCA p-Chloroaniline TCP 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 4-NP p-nitrophenol (PNP) 4-CP 4-chlorophenol 2,4-DCP 2,4-Dichlorophenol DMP dimethyl phthalate 5-TBA 5-tolylbenzotriazole 2,4,5-PCB 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl BPA Bisphenol A Dyes: Pollutant MO Methyl Orange MB Methylene Blue MG Malachite Green CR Congo Red Rh B Rhodamine B CB Chlorazol black BG Brilliant Green RR-120 Reactive red 120 EB Evans blue X-3B Reactive Brilliant Red CV Crystal Violet VBR Victoria blue R RO-16 Reactive Orange-16 TBAC-L Texbrite BAC-L TNFW-L Texbrite NFW-L TBBU-L Texbrite BBU-L Drugs: Pollutant CIP Ciprofloxacin TC Tetracycline IBP Ibuprofen TCH Tetracycline-Hydrochloride CBZ Carbamazepine OTC Oxytetracycline DFC Diclofenac NPX Naproxen PCM Paracetamol KP Ketoprofen CEL Cephalexin Pesticides: Pollutant ATZ Atrazine IMI Imidacloprid ATP Acetamiprid TMX Thiamethoxam ALA Alachor Consumer Products TCS Triclosan

1.1 Introduction

Water, one of the essential elements in the nature, is under a great threat, with pollutants treasured in it. Noxious suffocations are generated with the raise in contaminants globally. It is time we wake up to take care of it, else would be forced to face the unsolicited deliverables stimulated. In total, 71% of Earth’s surface is blanketed with water, and 99.7% of it is in oceans, icecaps, soil, and other atmospheric fragments. But, it is unfortunate that the percentage of utility is only 0.3% according to the available data. Globally, formidable pressures are piling up with elevations to meet the increasing demand for clean water, as resources of freshwater are depleting, probably due to (i) urbanization, (ii) industrialization, (iii) increasing population, (iv) climatic droughts, and (v) competing necessitates of the end users [1].

      According to the key fact sheet (drinking water) of WHO-June 2019, 785 million people are devoid of essential drinking-water amenities [2]. Growing populace, demographic variations, climatic deviations, and environmental pollution are major contributors as challengers and reducers of water resource segments. Sufficient supplies of potable water can be derived by using proper management of effluent water from diversified sources [3]. With restrictions in traditional methods, sophisticated novel methods supply the requisites in an eco-friendly, cost-effective way to combat the toxic pollutants efficiently for remediations. The toxic contaminants dispensed by organics like dyes from textile and printing industries, hydrocarbons from petro-chemical sectors, polymeric plastics, inorganics like poisonous gases, heavy-metal toxins from mining and other source, and devasting microbial consortiums pollute water resources either directly or indirectly, leading to unavailability of clean H₂O [4]. WHO with EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is evaluating suitable