Группа авторов

Iceland Within the Northern Atlantic, Volume 1


Скачать книгу

(A) The jökulhlaups of the Skafta River from the Grimsvötn in 1996 (M.T. Gudmundsson©) and (B) Main Highway (N1) in 2011 (Veðurstofa Íslands©), frequently repaired since 1970, with (C) the jökulhlaup memorial of November 1996: two enormous pieces of the metal deck of the old bridge, twisted like common wires (Françoise Bergerat©)

Photos depict (A) Fissural eruption of Krafla in 1980, along fractures arranged en echelon. (B and C) The geothermal power plant (C) narrowly escaped destruction by lava flows (flow with white arrow. Photos depict Eruption of Krafla in 1980: hornitos on fractures and lava flows in 1997.

      The latter were the locus of a first submarine eruption in 1963 (building of the Surtsey volcano), then of a fissural eruption (followed by a strombolian phase) partially destroying the town of Vestmanayer on the main island of Heimaey in 1973.

Maps depict (A) The submarine ridges of Kolbeinsey and (B) of Reykjanes. (C) Photo depicts the eruption of Heimaey, building the “Mountain of Fire”. Photo depicts the Trace of the Rettarnes seismic fault (1294 or 1732) in the Rangavellir: South Iceland Seismic Zone.

      If in the north of the island the current earthquakes occur mainly offshore, the Húsavík and Kopasker agglomerations are however far from being sheltered from a significant seismic event, and in the south, several major earthquakes have occurred very recently (Mw 6–7; June 2000, May 2008).

Photos depict the destruction caused during the earthquakes of June 2000 in Bitra: (A and B) farm buildings, (C) main highway, and at the end of May 2008 in Hveragerdi: (D) dislocated pipes and damaged greenhouses. Photos depict the successive phases of an explosion of the Strokkur geyser, Geysir geothermal field. Photo depicts Hofsjokull.

      Various cap outlets are currently being developed and managed, with water stored in very large dams, generally superimposed on the same course and designed to resist jökulhlaups of interglacial rank. Global warming in recent decades and potentially induced volcanism are likely to call this policy into question.

Photos depict (A) The Kerlingarfjoll surrounded by its glacial desert. (B) Perched upper cirque and (C) ice-smoothed rocks of the eastern fjords. Photo depicts A subglacial tabular volcano: the Herdubreid, north of Vatnajokull, North Volcanic </p>
						</div><hr>
						<div class= Скачать книгу