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Foundations of Chemistry
An Introductory Course for Science Students
Philippa B. Cranwell
University of Reading
Reading, UK
and
Elizabeth M. Page
University of Reading
Reading, UK
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Cranwell, Philippa B., 1985– author. | Page, Elizabeth (Lecturer in Chemistry Education), author.
Title: Foundations of chemistry : an introductory course for science students / Philippa B. Cranwell, University of Reading, Reading, UK and Elizabeth M. Page, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2021. | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020028483 (print) | LCCN 2020028484 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119513872 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119513919 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119513902 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Chemistry.
Classification: LCC QD31.3 .C73 2021 (print) | LCC QD31.3 (ebook) | DDC 540–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020028483
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020028484
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © alice-photo/Shutterstock
This book is dedicated to the joy of a new life, and the passing of a well‐lived and loved one.
Preface
Foundations of Chemistry is a concise course in advanced general chemistry specifically designed for students studying at Level 3 (A level or equivalent). It is especially relevant for students enrolled upon one‐year foundation programmes catering for physical and life sciences provided by UK universities, and is intended to introduce students to the core elements of physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry. The text outlines the basic principles in each area of chemistry and builds on prior knowledge from GCSE (or equivalent) courses to quickly expand and develop students' knowledge and understanding. Each chapter contains worked examples that showcase core concepts, and includes practice questions with fully worked answers available on the Wiley website. Margin comments signpost students to knowledge that is covered elsewhere in the book and are used to highlight key learning objectives when appropriate. A summary is given at the end of each chapter that lists the main concepts and learning points.
The authors recognise that many students on foundation programmes study chemistry as a subsidiary subject. We hope that this text outlines and clearly explains the information and knowledge required at foundation level so that these students can progress smoothly onto their parent programmes.
Students are first introduced to the structure of the atom and how the periodic table is built up. The different types of bonding are then described, followed by the way in which the properties of materials are affected by bonding within and between molecules. The fundamentals of physical chemistry including thermodynamics, equilibria, acids and bases, reaction rates, redox, and electrochemistry are explained. Elements and typical compounds from some key groups in the periodic table are considered in more detail, with specific reference to the underlying principles of periodicity and energetics where relevant. Organic chemistry takes a mechanistic approach, so students are able to rationalise reactivity and chemical behaviour; the intention is not for students to learn by rote, but to be able to apply their knowledge and understanding to derive an answer. This skill can be developed by students in a chapter dedicated to synoptic questions in organic chemistry. Finally, a chapter dedicated to spectroscopy