Kalesi and Its Historical Monuments The Annals of Sarduri II in Hazine Kapisi (CTU A 9‐1‐3) The War Between Rusa I and Sargon for the Control of Northwestern Iran The Last Century of the Urartian History Urartian Chronology REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 27: From Assurbanipal to Cambyses Introduction General Aspects of Longue Durée Developments: Conquest and Growth of Empire Dynasty and Succession REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 28: Elamite Traditions Introduction: The Elamite Foundations of the Persian Empire Urban Landscape: Textual and Archeological Evidence Religious Heritage: Divinities, Highland Ceremonies, and Funerary Practices Artistic Heritage (i): Mudbrick Architecture and Vitreous Industries Artistic Heritage (ii): New Discoveries Concluding Remarks: The Legacy of Elam REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 29: The Great Conquests The Evidence History of Events Reception and Accommodation REFERENCES FURTHER READING SECTION IV.B: FROM GAUMĀTA TO ALEXANDER CHAPTER 30: Imperial Crisis Sources The Triggering and the Course of the Crisis Conclusion REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 31: The Establishment of the Achaemenid Empire: Darius I, Xerxes I, and Artaxerxes I Sources and Perspectives War and Conquest: Darius I (522–486 BCE) and Xerxes I (486–465 BCE) Revolts War and (Re)Conquest: Artaxerxes I (465–424 BCE) Steady State of Empire Court and Architecture Some Concluding Remarks: Changes and Achievements REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 32: From Darius II to Darius III Darius II (423–405/4 BCE) Artaxerxes II (405/4–359/8 BCE) Artaxerxes III (359/8–338 BCE) The Transition to Darius III Darius III (336–330 BCE) REFERENCES FURTHER READING Note CHAPTER 33: The Conquest by Alexander REFERENCES FURTHER READING SECTION IV.C: UNDER PERSIAN RULE CHAPTER 34: Pārsa and Ūja The Center of the Empire Source Problems Specific Events The Designing of the Imperial Center REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 35: Media Remarks on Media's Position in the Achaemenid Empire and on Median Ethnicity Administering Media Media as Part of the Imperial Economy and Inter‐Provincial Communication ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 36: Babylon REFERENCES FURTHER READING CHAPTER 37: The Persian Gulf Introduction The Persian Gulf and Its Iranian Islands The
