Role of Osmoprotectants Under Low Light Stress 15.8 Mechanisms of Osmoprotectants Under Multiple Abiotic Stress 15.9 Approaches to Improve Osmoprotectants to Confer Abiotic Stress Tolerance 15.10 Metabolic Engineering Approach 15.11 Future Prospect for Osmoprotectants Under Changing Climatic Conditions References 16 Growth Variability of Conifers in Temperate Region of Western Himalayas 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Material and Methods 16.3 Results 16.4 Discussion 16.5 Conclusion References 17 Process‐Based Carbon Sequestration Study with Reference to the Energy‐Water‐Carbon Flux in a Forest Ecosystem 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Concept of Soil‐Vegetation‐Atmosphere‐Transfer (SVAT) 17.3 History of Flux Measurements and Recent Advances‐Different Methods 17.4 Exchange Flux Measurements over Forest Ecosystems 17.5 Ecosystem Flux Measurements Network Worldwide and Indian Scenario 17.6 State of the Current Knowledge at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 17.7 Research Gaps and Future Needs 17.8 Conclusion References
14 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Land cover classes and their carbon stocks for estimating carbon...Table 1.2 Ten largest GHG emitters from land‐based sector from 2000 to 2016...
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Confusion matrix for four class.Table 3.2 Cerro Laukaru, Chile SIR‐C dataset specification.Table 3.3 Unsupervised classification for Cerro Laukaru, Chile SIR‐C image.Table 3.4 SAR statistical parameter for unsupervised classification of Cerro...Table 3.5 Class population of supervised classification for Cerro Laukaru, C...Table 3.6 Confusion matrix of Wishart supervised classification for Cerro La...Table 3.7 Confusion matrix of SVM classification for Cerro Laukaru, Chile SI...Table 3.8 Class population of Wishart classification with respective class f...Table 3.9 Class population of SVM classification with respective class for C...Table 3.10 Error and accuracy assessment of Wishart supervised classificatio...Table 3.11 Error and accuracy assessment of SVM supervised classification f...
3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Change matrix of land use classes (area in hectares) during 1980–2...
4 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Approaches for estimating forest productivity.
5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Taxonomic classification ofPinus roxburghii.Table 6.2 Various methods for vegetation carbon estimation using inventory‐b...Table 6.3 Equations and default values used in various biomass and carbon es...
6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Crop area and farm families affected due to flood in Assam (2007–2...Table 7.2 Rice‐growing environments and productivity constraints.Table 7.3 Sahabhagi dhan yield comparison with other adjacent variety (2012–...Table 7.4 Targeted dissemination of STRVs in Assam and Uttar Pradesh during ...Table 7.5 Targeted dissemination of STRVs in Odisha during 2016–2020.Table 7.6 Yield advantage of sub 1 varieties over other traditionally grown ...Table 7.7 Adoption of Sahbhagi Dhan in eastern India states.
7 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Rainfall decile ranges and respective drought severity class.Table 9.2 Agricultural drought risk classification using VCI.Table 9.3 Drought severity parameters based on stream density in Monaragala ...Table 9.4 Drought severity parameters based on water source in Monaragala Di...Table 9.5 Percentage areas of Meteorological, Agricultural and Hydrological ...Table 9.6 Drought severity type and the percentage that affects for each div...
8 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Data used in SWAT model.Table 10.2 List of driving models used in multi‐model ensemble.Table 10.3 Historical and projected LULC maps used in the study.Table 10.4 Trends in climatic parameter in response to different climatic s...Table 10.5 Catchment specific trend in volumetric runoff (in cumecs) for di...Table 10.6 Catchment specific trend in surface runoff depth (in mm) for dif...
9 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Water quality parameters assessed, instruments and methods used,...Table 11.2 Spearman correlation coefficients between land uses and water qu...
10 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Welfare impact of climate change.Table 12.2 Key climate change risks, its major driving elements, adaptation...
11 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Description of land cover used in the study.Table 14.2 The distribution of land cover/land use extent in 2009 and 2019 ...Table 14.3 Non‐parametric ANOVA test of significance on land cover change.Table 14.4 Confusion matrix of the year 2019 for land cover classification.Table 14.5 The temperature inoC of LST obtained from Met Malaysia, MODIS, a...
12 Chapter 15Table 15.1 List of transgenic plants engineered for stress tolerance using ...
13 Chapter 16Table 16.1 The increment sampling sites of conifers in SFD Tangmar.Table 16.2 Species‐wise average diameter increments (mm)Table 16.3 Site‐wise average diameter increments (mm).Table 16.4 Diameter class‐wise average diameter increments (mm).
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Annual GHG emissions (Mt CO2 yr–1) from 2000 to 2016.Figure 1.2 Percentage of GHG emissions from the land‐based sector (2000–2016...Figure 1.3 The trend lines of annual GHG emissions for predicting future tra...Figure 1.4 The percentage of REDD+ progress in East Kalimantan for 2030. Sou...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Different components