Kurt Mills

International Responses to Mass Atrocities in Africa


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      International Responses to Mass Atrocities in Africa

      PENNSYLVANIA STUDIES IN HUMAN RIGHTS

      Bert B. Lockwood, Jr., Series Editor

      A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher.

      INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES TO MASS ATROCITIES IN AFRICA

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      Responsibility to Protect, Prosecute, and Palliate

      Kurt Mills

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      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA

      Copyright © 2015 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

      1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Mills, Kurt, author.

      International responses to mass atrocities in Africa : responsibility to protect, prosecute, and palliate / Kurt Mills.

      pages cm. (Pennsylvania studies in human rights)

      Includes bibliographical references and index

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4737-4 (alk. paper)

      1. Humanitarian intervention—Africa, Sub-Saharan—International cooperation—Case studies. 2. Conflict management—Africa, Sub-Saharan—International cooperation—Case studies. 3. Genocide intervention—Africa, Sub-Saharan—International cooperation—Case studies. 4. Intervention (International law)—Case studies. I. Mills, Kurt. II. Title. III. Series: Pennsylvania studies in human rights.

JZ6369 .M55 2015 2015009521

       For Habibi

      It’s not too late

      For making a new world

      It’s not too late

      For making a better world

      —Zap Mama, “A New World”

      CONTENTS

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       List of Abbreviations

       Introduction

       Chapter 1. Interrogating International Responsibilities

       Chapter 2. Rwanda: The Failure of “Never Again”

       Chapter 3. Democratic Republic of the Congo: Protecting Civilians?

       Chapter 4. Uganda (and Beyond): Testing the International Criminal Court

       Chapter 5. Darfur: The Post-World Summit Test

       Chapter 6. Realizing R2P3: Labeling, Institutions, and Authority

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      ABBREVIATIONS

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ADFL Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire
ADF-NALU Allied Democratic Forces-National Army for the Liberation of Uganda
AFRICOM United States Africa Command
AMIS African Union Mission in Sudan
AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia
APC armored personnel carrier
APSA African Peace and Security Architecture
ASF African Standby Force
ASP Assembly of States Parties
AU African Union
CAR Central African Republic
CNDP Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple
CONOPS concept of operations
DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations
DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
FAC Forces Armées Conglaises
FAR Forces Armées Rwandaises
FARDC Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo
FDD Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie
FDLR Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda
FDLR-FCA Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda-Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi
FNI Front de Nationalistes et Intégrationnistes
FNL Forces Nationales de Libération
FPLC Forces Patriotiques pour la libération du Congo
FRPI Force de Résistance Patriotique en Ituri