href="#litres_trial_promo">Conducting a PPGIS data collection
Preparing for your own PPGIS session
9. Qualitative spatial ethnographic field research
Integrating GIS into field research
10. Evaluation research from a spatial perspective
Sociospatial evaluation research
Presenting the spatial evaluation
The challenges and benefits of evaluation research
11. Conducting analysis with ArcGIS software
Spatial interpolation and simulation
When to use GIS as a problem-solving tool
12. Spatial analysis of qualitative data
Steps for spatial qualitative analysis
13. Communicating results and visualizing spatial information
Keys to effective communication
Selecting the mode of communication
14. Linking results to policy and action
Challenges to creating good policy
How to create good place-based policy
15. Future directions for geospatial use
A rebirth of spatial awareness
The role of geospatial crowdsourcing
New directions for GIS-based research
Suggestions for student research projects
Preface
In the more than half-century since geographic information systems (GIS) came into existence, GIS has grown from a backroom computer analysis tool used by large government agencies and specialists in a few fields to a widely used tool across almost every discipline today. Applications of GIS can be seen in diverse fields of inquiry, including business and economics, health care, emergency management, criminology, and social services,