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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data has been applied for.
978-1-119-79153-9 (Volume 3, cloth)
978-1-119-43802-1 (4-volume Set, cloth)
Cover Image: Factory © Rashad Ashur / Shutterstock, Factory © Arcady / Shutterstock, Rod of Asclepius © Christos Georghiou / Shutterstock, Laboratory glass © Kristyna Henkeova / Shutterstock
Cover Design: Wiley
Contributors
Amit Bhattacharya, Ph.D., CPE, Department of Environmental and Public Health Science, Kettering Laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Nancy C. Burton, Ph.D., MPH, MS, CIH, Guest Lecturer, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Allene H. Butler, MA, CIH, CSP, CHMM, Butler Health and Safety, San Pedro, CA, USA
David C. Byrne, Ph.D., CCC‐A, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Herman Cember, Ph.D., PE, CHP, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Augusto Dulanto Chiang, MD, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Jesse Cooper, MSc, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, Canada
Kermit Davis, Ph.D., CPE, Department of Environmental and Public Health Science, Kettering Laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Kenneth R. Foster, Ph.D., PE, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Frank J. Hearl, Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA
Ingvar Holmér, Ph.D., Lunds Universitet, Faculty of Engineering, Lund, Sweden
John Howard, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA
Hongwei Hsiao, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
Tiina M. Ikäheimo, Ph.D., University of Oulu, Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health, Oulu, Finland
Jouni J.K. Jaakkola, MD, Ph.D., University of Oulu, Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health, Oulu, Finland
Thomas E. Johnson, Ph.D., CHP, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Susan Kotowski, Ph.D., CPE, Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Kalev Kuklane, Ph.D., Lund University, Department of Design Sciences, Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund, Sweden
Michael D. Larrañaga, Ph.D., PE, CIH, FAIHA, R.E.M. Risk Consultants, LLC
Brian Lowe, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
George Luxbacher, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
Kevin L. Michael, Ph.D., Michael & Associates, Inc, State College, PA, USA
Vladimir Murashov, Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA
Christopher M. Nelson, BSc (Hons), Ph.D., MIOA, Finch Consulting Ltd., Leicestershire, UK
Tara N. Palmore, MD, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Margaret L. Phillips, Ph.D., CIH, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Claude A. Piantadosi, MD, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
Tiina Reponen, Ph.D., Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
John Sammarco, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Mona Shum, MSc, CIH, Aura Health and Safety Corporation, Burnaby, Canada
David H. Sliney, Ph.D., Laser/Optical Radiation Program, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Richard A. Tell, MSc, Richard Tell Associates, Inc., Madison, AL, USA
PREFACE
Industrial hygiene is an applied science and a profession. Like other applied sciences such as medicine and engineering, it is founded on basic sciences such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics. In a sense it is a hybrid profession because within its ranks are members of other professions – chemists, engineers, biologists, physicists, physicians, nurses, and lawyers. In their professional practice all are dedicated in one way or another to the purposes of industrial hygiene: the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of work‐related health hazards. The contributors to these volumes come from these professions.
Although the term “industrial hygiene” used to describe our profession is probably of twentieth century origin, we must go further back in history for the origin of its words. The word “industry,” which has a dictionary meaning, “systematic labor for some useful purpose or the creation of something of value,” has its English origin in the fifteenth century. For “hygiene,” we must look even earlier. Hygieia, a daughter of Asclepius who is god of medicine in Greek mythology, was responsible for the preservation of health and prevention of disease. Thus, Hygieia, when she was dealing with people who were engaged in systematic labor for some useful purpose, was practicing our profession,