for RinGL < 1Figure 2.16 Using the Smith Chart to explain the matching process for Soluti...Figure 2.17 Using the Smith Chart to explain the matching process for Soluti...Figure 2.18 Using the Smith Chart to explain the matching process for Soluti...Figure 2.19 Using the Smith Chart to explain the matching process for Soluti...Figure 2.20 Summary of using L matching network and the Smith ChartFigure 2.21 Lumped T networkFigure 2.22 Lumped π networkFigure 2.23 Impedance matching using Smith ChartFigure 2.24 Stub matching networks. (a) Parallel stub matching using a micro...Figure 2.25 VSWR of different designs as a function of frequencyFigure 2.26 Four load impedances with LC matching networksFigure 2.27 A block diagram of a typical adaptive matching networkFigure 2.28 Series resonant circuitFigure 2.29 Relative power dissipated in a series resonant circuit around re...Figure 2.30 Parallel antiresonant circuitFigure 2.31 Smith Chart with constant Q linesFigure 2.32 Various popular transmission linesFigure 2.33 Two‐wire transmission lineFigure 2.34 The configuration of a coaxial lineFigure 2.35 Field distribution within a coaxial lineFigure 2.36 Microstrip lineFigure 2.37 The field distribution of a microstripFigure 2.38 From a coaxial cable to a striplineFigure 2.39 Evolution from a coaxial cable to CPW (G for gap, W for width, a...Figure 2.40 Rectangular waveguide.Figure 2.41 Rectangular waveguide mode patterns. (a) TE01, (b) TE11, (c) TM1...Figure 2.42 Substrate‐integrated waveguide.Figure 2.43 Two basic gap waveguides.Figure 2.44 Mode‐selective transmission line: (a) the 3D configuration; (b) ...Figure 2.45 Male/plug (left) and female/jack (right) N‐type connectorsFigure 2.46 Wideband antennas fed by CPW and microstrip which are directly c...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 A traveling wave in a medium with lossFigure 3.2 A plane wave traveling at z‐directionFigure 3.3 Wave polarizationsFigure 3.4 Plane wave reflection and transmission, and its analogous transmi...Figure 3.5 Two principal polarizationsFigure 3.6 Reflection coefficient as a function of incident angleFigure 3.7 Reflection and transmission of a wall and its analogous transmiss...Figure 3.8 Reflection coefficient of a wall as a function of the incident an...Figure 3.9 The reflection coefficient of a wall as a function of the frequen...Figure 3.10 Radiowave diffraction over a knife‐edge obstacleFigure 3.11 Radiowave reflection and scatteringFigure 3.12 Classification of media as a function of frequency (tanδ = ...Figure 3.13 A typical complex permittivity spectrumFigure 3.14 Rain attenuation as a function of rain rate and frequency.Figure 3.15 Free space communicationsFigure 3.16 Two‐ray modelFigure 3.17 The linkage of the circuit concepts and the field conceptsFigure 3.18 A conducting wire of skin depth δ
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Coordinates and radiowaves generated by a time‐varying source....Figure 4.2 The fields E, H, and E/H as a function of βr at a fixed freq...Figure 4.3 The fields E, H, and E/H as a function of β at a fixed dista...Figure 4.4 The electric field around a current element antennaFigure 4.5 Radiated field regions of an antenna of max dimension DFigure 4.6 The 3D radiation pattern of an electrically short current element...Figure 4.7 The E‐plane and H‐plane patterns of an electrically short current...Figure 4.8 A radiation pattern illustrated in a conventional 2D plotFigure 4.9 Transmitting and receiving antennas for Friis transmission formul...Figure 4.10 Antenna input impedance modelFigure 4.11 A dipole antenna performance: (a) The input impedance and (b) th...Figure 4.12 VSWR against the frequency for two designsFigure 4.13 A summary of most important antenna parameters
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Evolution of a dipole of total length 2l and diameter dFigure 5.2 Input impedance as a function of the normalized dipole lengthFigure 5.3 E θ radiation pattern of a short dipole as a function of θ...Figure 5.4 Some popular forms of dipole antennasFigure 5.5 A monopole antenna with a coaxial feed lineFigure 5.6 The image theoryFigure 5.7 Some popular forms of monopole antennasFigure 5.8 Effects of the ground plane on the radiation pattern of a monopol...Figure 5.9 Transmission line to loop antenna, and its corresponding dipoles...Figure 5.10 E φ radiation pattern of a small loop as a function of θ...Figure 5.11 Directivity of a loop as a function of the normalised circumfere...Figure 5.12 Current distribution in a resonant loop and its equivalent pair ...Figure 5.13 The radiation patterns of a loop with C = λFigure 5.14 The input impedance of a loop with C = 6 cmFigure 5.15 Total radiation patterns of loops of different sizesFigure 5.16 Helical antenna and its radiation patterns of two radiation mode...Figure 5.17 Radiated field patterns of two different antennas (a) the polar ...Figure 5.18 A Yagi–Uda TV reception antennaFigure 5.19 Configuration of a Yagi–Uda antenna and its radiation patternFigure 5.20 The configuration of a log‐periodic antenna and its radiation pa...Figure 5.21 Spiral antennas: (a) the wire type, and (b) conical typeFigure 5.22 Two examples of self‐complimentary antennas: (a) planar spiral a...Figure 5.23 Some aperture‐type antennas (reflector, TEM horn, double‐ridged ...Figure 5.24 Radiation from an aperture source in the z = 0 planeFigure 5.25 Aperture antenna radiation characteristics (aλ = a/λ)...Figure 5.26 Typical radiation patterns of an open waveguide in the H‐ and E‐...Figure 5.27 Three horn antennasFigure 5.28 Pyramidal horn antennas with dimensional parametersFigure 5.29 Function Y(A) versus AFigure 5.30 E‐plane universal patterns for E‐plane sectorial and pyramidal h...Figure 5.31 Radiation patterns of a pyramidal horn antennaFigure 5.32 Paraboloidal and Cassegrain reflector antennas. Source: Xinhua /...Figure 5.33 An example of an offset parabolic reflector radar antennaFigure 5.34 Computed radiation patterns in E‐ and H‐planesFigure 5.35 Two types of lens antennasFigure 5.36 Slot antennas fed by coaxial cable and waveguideFigure 5.37 Slot antenna, radiation pattern, and its complimentary dipoleFigure 5.38 An airborne slot waveguide antenna arrayFigure 5.39 Microstrip antennas and their feeds (a) a microstrip antenna wit...Figure 5.40 Typical radiation patterns of a resonant rectangular patch anten...Figure 5.41 A matched resonant patch antenna for 2.45 GHzFigure 5.42 A variety of patch antennasFigure 5.43 A typical antenna array of N elementsFigure 5.44 Antenna array factors as a function of the scan angle θ for...Figure 5.45 Antenna array factors as a function of angle θ for N