4Figure 4.1 The masticatory system and its components.Figure 4.2 Basic terminology related to occlusion.Figure 4.3 A cross‐section through the cusps showing dish effect as shown on...Figure 4.4 Occlusal contacts and risks associated with incline contacts.Figure 4.5 The occlusal contacts in a Class 1 relationship. The contacts the...Figure 4.6 Articulating paper difference and precision related to minimal in...Figure 4.7 Shimstock hold and how to use.Figure 4.8 Dynamic occlusion assessment.Figure 4.9 Fremitus assessment.Figure 4.10 Completion of the scenario.Figure 4.11 Summary of the chapter.
4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Supraoccluded crown causing occlusal issues.Figure 5.2 Fractured cusp following restoration of adjacent tooth with a cro...Figure 5.3 Progression of occlusal instability resulting in cuspal fracture ...Figure 5.4 Analysis of dynamic occlusion.Figure 5.5 Digital scan showing WS and NWS contacts on a digital articulator...Figure 5.6 Restorability assessment in planning stage.Figure 5.7 Assessment of opposing impressions to ensure no separation.Figure 5.8 Bite record taking with polyvinyl siloxane.Figure 5.9 Trimming silicone to aid study cast fabrication.Figure 5.10 Digital design of provisional crown.Figure 5.11 (a–c) Cementation of a crown.Figure 5.12 (a) Provisional restoration seated. Note fossa and marginal ridg...
5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Intraoral view of the fitted bridge.Figure 6.2 (a) Shimstock is 8 μm thick metal foil used as a feeler gauge bet...Figure 6.3 (a) CR incisal view and (b) CO incisal view.
6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Figure 7.2 The important aspects of the incisors and their role.Figure 7.3 Incisal relationships.Figure 7.4 Horizontal and vertical overlap of the incisors.Figure 7.5 Anterior composites and occlusal design when incising or protrusi...Figure 7.6 Phonetics in a Class 1 incisal relationship.Figure 7.7 Fracture resulting from a nail‐biting habit (hypernormal function...Figure 7.8 (a, b) A case showing conformative management of Class 3 incisal ...Figure 7.9 (a) Preoperative assessment. (b) CRCP‐CO slide resulting in a for...Figure 7.10 Migration resulting from deflective contact.Figure 7.11 Summary of the chapter.
7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Occlusal adjustment or equilibration should always be planned on ...
8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 This patient had a crown fitted recently but has now presented wi...Figure 9.2 Bur shape allowing correct morphological adjustment. Yellow band ...Figure 9.3 Summary of essential steps when adjusting.Figure 9.4 Dish contact and point contact on an indirect restoration.Figure 9.5 Restoration of first premolar using occlusal principles.Figure 9.6 How to adjust a high spot maintaining correct morphology.Figure 9.7 Clinical case detailing steps on how to adjust a high spot.Figure 9.8 Clinical case detailing steps on how to adjust a high spot on a n...
9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 A contact formed against a single cusp slopes, potentially allow...Figure 10.2 Tripodization.Figure 10.3 Tripodization on a posterior tooth newly restored with composite...Figure 10.4 The occlusal contacts of a posterior tooth should be marked usin...Figure 10.5 Occlusal contacts occurring at the tooth–restoration interface s...Figure 10.6 (a) The best approach is to mark the occlusal contacts of the pr...Figure 10.7 (a, b) The crow's foot pattern.
10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Lack of freedom in centric can be detected by placing a finger o...Figure 11.2 ‘Freedom in centric’ natural teeth and implants.Figure 11.3 Fremitus can be detected by placing gloved fingers on the upper ...Figure 11.4 Drifting of upper incisors could be a sign of anterior thrust or...Figure 11.5 Localised palatal wear could be a sign of anterior thrust or a d...Figure 11.6 (a–c) Copying anterior guidance.Figure 11.7 (a) Intraoral view of the preoperative case showing marked pre‐e...
11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Preoperative assessment – all guidance on the posterior teeth.Figure 12.2 Diagrammatic steps detailing how to provide a canine riser.Figure 12.3 Clinical case showing canine riser using composite.Figure 12.4 (a, b) Laboratory stages detailing functional wax‐up and canine ...Figure 12.5 Functionally generated pathway technique.Figure 12.6 MODJAW 4D equipment.Figure 12.7 Data incorporated within Exocad laboratory software to design re...Figure 12.8 Group function assessed on MODJAW.Figure 12.9 Mastication proper.Figure 12.10 Masticatory cycle.Figure 12.11 Cycle in–cycle out movements in mastication.Figure 12.12 Clinical case showing replication of masticatory cycle.
12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Clinical presentation of the case.Figure 13.2 Examination of the pre‐existing dynamic occlusion revealed that ...Figure 13.3 (a–c) The design of the restoration can allow the conformative a...
13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Clinical presentation.Figure 14.2 (a–c) Following preparation of the last tooth for a crown, the c...Figure 14.3 (a, b) Marking RCP contact.Figure 14.4 (a, b) The island technique.Figure 14.5 The RCP contact appears as an island protruding from the crown t...Figure 14.6 The transfer coping in use in the laboratory and clinically.
14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Initial presentation.Figure 15.2 Tooth surface loss and tooth wear.Figure 15.3 CCP test.Figure 15.4 Diagram showing the condyle against the posterior wall of the gl...Figure 15.5 Restorative correction; see option 2 for explanation.Figure 15.6 Anterior bite platform created using the Dahl concept with the c...Figure 15.7 Vertical and horizontal reference lines. This photo shows the IP...Figure 15.8 Facial proportions.Figure 15.9 Detailed TMD flow chart.Figure 15.10 E‐line and nasio‐labial angle.Figure 15.11 Incisal view at rest.Figure 15.12 Central incisor proportions.Figure 15.13 (a) Occlusal and incisal plane. A full face frontal retracted v...Figure 15.14 Curve of Spee.Figure 15.15 Incisal visibility at rest.Figure 15.16 Preoperative case photos for planning.Figure 15.17 Illustrating the options where material can be placed once an i...Figure 15.18 Rule of thirds.Figure 15.19 CR record and clinical steps and assessment.Figure 15.20 Laboratory steps and assessment.Figure 15.21 Laboratory wax‐up and assessment.Figure 15.22 Postoperative result.
15 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Clinical presentation of the patient.Figure 16.2 Preoperative clinical photographs.Figure 16.3 Stabilisation splint guidelines.Figure 16.4 Clinical records stage.Figure 16.5 Provisionalisation stage.Figure 16.6 Records for cross‐mounting.Figure 16.7 Customised incisal guidance table platform creation.Figure 16.8 Articulator switch deactivated to allow lateral movements.Figure 16.9 Incisal guidance table – lateral movements.Figure 16.10 Final restorations.Figure 16.11 Anterior final restorations and post stabilisation splint.
16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Patient presenting with chipped and lost veneers related to occl...Figure 17.2 Articulated models detailing OVD increase with the ‘rule of thir...Figure 17.3 Diagrammatic illustration detailing increasing OVD.Figure 17.4 Facially driven digital planning. The smile design program Smile...Figure 17.5 Articulated study casts before wax‐up showing non‐working side c...Figure 17.6 Mock‐up smile preview.Figure 17.7 Functional mock‐up transferred.Figure 17.8 Mock‐up preassessment allowing for preparation through the added...Figure 17.9 Digital biocopy scan to allow duplication into definitive restor...Figure 17.10 Final restorations designed using functional data from MODJAW....Figure 17.11 T‐Scan.
17 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 (a) Bone loss (funnelling) around anterior implants caused by ex...Figure 18.2 In implants, orient the total masticatory force loading to the f...Figure 18.3 Only one centric stop must be received on the occlusal surface o...Figure 18.4 Centric stop (red) should be centred over central fossa, and sec...Figure 18.5 Occlusal contact on the cusp incline leads to an increase in the...Figure 18.6 The occlusal table is too large, resulting in detrimental shear ...Figure 18.7 In an upper posterior implant, the occlusal table width should b...Figure 18.8 In a lower posterior implant, the buccal contour of the implant ...Figure 18.9 If the abutment of the implant crown is mesially or distally loc...Figure 18.10 (a) Large cusp angles create an increased contact surface area,...Figure 18.11 Freedom in centric concept must be adopted in posterior implant...Figure 18.12 A suggested protocol in implant dentistry. In centric occlusion...Figure 18.13 A long, parallel proximal contact area is recommended for bette...Figure 18.14 Buccal and lingual cusps are shortened to avoid any gliding act...Figure 18.15 An ideal anterior guidance for an implant on a lower six. In th...Figure 18.16 Posterior implant‐supported restorations should be discluded du...Figure 18.17 (a–f) A suggested protocol for a single implant‐supported crown...Figure 18.18 (a–d) A suggested protocol for a full arch implant‐supported pr...
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