7.2 Design and Processing of Ceramics 7.3 Chemically Unreactive Ceramics 7.4 Calcium Phosphates 7.5 Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) 7.6 Calcium Sulfate 7.7 Glasses 7.8 Chemically Unreactive Glasses 7.9 Bioactive Glasses 7.10 Glass‐Ceramics 7.11 Concluding Remarks Problems References Further Reading 8 Synthetic Polymers I 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Polymer Science Fundamentals 8.3 Production of Polymers 8.4 Mechanical Properties of Polymers 8.5 Thermoplastic Polymers 8.6 Elastomeric Polymers 8.7 Special Topic: Polyurethanes 8.8 Water‐soluble Polymers 8.9 Concluding Remarks Problems References Further Reading 9 Synthetic Polymers II 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Degradation of Polymers 9.3 Erosion of Degradable Polymers 9.4 Characterization of Degradation and Erosion 9.5 Factors Controlling Polymer Degradation 9.6 Factors Controlling Polymer Erosion 9.7 Design Criteria for Degradable Polymers 9.8 Types of Degradable Polymers Relevant to Biomaterials 9.9 Concluding Remarks Problems References Further Readings 10 Natural Polymers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 General Properties and Characteristics of Natural Polymers 10.3 Protein‐Based Natural Polymers 10.4 Polysaccharide‐Based Polymers 10.5 Concluding Remarks Problems References Further Reading 11 Hydrogels 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Characteristics of Hydrogels 11.3 Types of Hydrogels 11.4 Creation of Hydrogels 11.5 Characterization of Sol to Gel Transition 11.6 Swelling Behavior of Hydrogels 11.7 Mechanical Properties of Hydrogels 11.8 Transport Properties of Hydrogels 11.9 Surface Properties of Hydrogels 11.10 Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels 11.11 Synthetic Hydrogels 11.12 Natural Hydrogels 11.13 Applications of Hydrogels 11.14 Concluding Remarks Problems References Further Readings 12 Composite Biomaterials 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Types of Composites 12.3 Mechanical Properties of Composites 12.4 Biomedical Applications of Composites 12.5 Concluding Remarks Problems References Further Readings 13 Surface Modification and Biological Functionalization of Biomaterials 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Surface Modification 13.3 Surface Modification Methods 13.4 Plasma Processes 13.5 Chemical Vapor Deposition 13.6 Physical Techniques for Surface Modification 13.7 Parylene Coating
