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Research Methods in Language Teaching and Learning


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      Figure 7.1 Map of Safaliba towns

      Figure 10.1 Extract from Sert (2017, p. 21)

      Figure 10.2 Extract from Sert (2017, p. 19)

      Figure 12.1 Item 16 as it appeared to the respondent

      Figure 12.2 Item 28 as presented to the respondent

      Figure 13.1 Checklist of the basic procedures of conducting a mixed methods study

      Figure 14.1 Scatterplots

      Figure 15.1 The first PLS-SEM algorithm

      Figure 15.2 Outer loading relevance testing. From A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd.ed.), by J. F. Hair, G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, 2017, Washington, DC: Sage Publications. Copyright 2017 by SAGE Publications. Reprinted with permission

      Figure 15.3 Measurement model after removing low outer loading indicators

      Figure 15.4 Final structural path model

      Appendix 15B AMT Criteria Set-up Screen

      Appendix 15E Variables, Reliability and Validity

      Figure 16.1 Research design submitted in the grant proposal

      Figure 16.2 ELLA levels of intervention

      Figure 16.3 Time commitment for intervention design

      Figure 16.4 Longitudinal foundational findings from ELLA that aided in other major research grants (adapted from Irby et al., 2014)

      Figure 18.1 EPPI-Reviewer Flow Diagram

       Table 3.1 A sample analysis of qualitative data (from Uztosun, 2013)

       Table 3.2 Sources of findings related to developing a theory

       Table 3.3 Validity criteria for action research (Burns, 1999, pp. 161–162)

      Appendix 6A A Sample of Chaoran’s Approach to Matching Themes Across Data

       Table 8.1 Data material

       Table 11.1 Research questions and gaps addressed in Candarli et al. (2015)

       Table 11.2 Research questions and gaps addressed in Candarli (2020)

       Table 11.3 Normalized frequencies of authorial presence markers per 500 words per essay

       Table 11.4 Normalized frequencies of discourse organizers and stance expressions per 500 words

       Table 12.1 Potential differences of relevance between urban and rural contexts in Indian education

       Table 13.1 Three common sub-types of mixed methods design (based on Creswell, 2002)

       Table 14.1 CAF measures as dependent variables

       Table 15.1 Survey constructs

       Table 15.2 Issues to consider

       Appendix 15A Literature Review Table

       Appendix 15C Advantages and Disadvantages of PLS-SEM

       Appendix 15D Composite Reliability and Convergent Validity Assessment

       Appendix 15F Results and Discussion Distinction

       Table 18.1 Coding characteristics of included studies for our systematic review (Avgousti, 2018)

       Appendix 18A Journals included in the searching process

      Nahed Abdelrahman serves as a Research Specialist I and the Lead Coordinator of Preparing Academic Leaders MED program in the Center for Research & Development in Dual Language & Literacy Acquisition at Texas A&M University. Her research interests include education policy, social justice and equity, educational leadership, principal preparation policies and implementation, mentoring and its impact on promoting education justice.

      Jason Anderson is a teacher educator, educational consultant, award-winning author, and