General 8.2 Typical GIS Layouts 8.3 Reference Projects 8.4 GIS Case Studies 8.5 Mobile Substations 8.6 Mixed Technology Switchgear (MTS) 8.7 Future Developments 8.8 Underground Substations 8.9 Special Substation Buildings References
20 9 Advanced Technologies 9.1 General 9.2 Environment 9.3 Life Cycle Cost Analysis 9.4 Insulation Coordination Study 9.5 Very Fast Transients 9.6 Project Scope Development 9.7 Risk‐Based Asset Management of Gas‐Insulated Substations and Equipment 9.8 Health and Safety Impact 9.9 Electromagnetic Field 9.10 SF6 Decomposition Byproducts 9.11 Condition Assessment References Section 9.11 9.12 Gas‐Insulated Substations for Enhanced Resiliency References Section 9.12 9.13 Vacuum High Voltage Switching References Setion 9.13 9.14 Low Power Instrument Transformer References Section 9.14 9.15 Digital Twin of GIS and GIL References Section 9.15 9.16 Offshore GIS References Section 9.16 9.17 HVDC GIS References Section 9.17 9.18 Digital Substation References Section 9.18 References Sections 9.1 to 9.10
22 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Scope of subcommittees of the substations committeeTable 1.2 Active members of the tutorial in update the table to be reflect m...Table 1.3 Past active membersTable 1.4 Locations of GIS/GIL Tutorial PresentedTable 1.5 Rated voltages of IEEE and IECTable 1.6 Typical current ratings of GIS related to voltage classesTable 1.7 Typical short‐circuit current ratings of GIS related to voltage cl...Table 1.8 Typical factors to calculate rated peak withstand currents (I p)Table 1.9 Rated duration of short circuit (t K)Table 1.10 Rated supply voltages
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Main features of GISTable 2.2 History steps of development of GISTable 2.3 Major failure frequency (FF) – second GIS survey total population ...Table 2.4 Voltage classes used in CIGRE survey [37, 38]Table 2.5 Identification of main component involved in the failure from a GI...Table 2.6 Identification of main component involved in the failure from a GI...Table 2.7 Number of GIS population (CB bays) per survey year [27, 28, 47]Table 2.8 Comparison of collected GIS service experiences of 1994 and 2012 s...Table 2.9 Results of the reliability study [37, 38]Table 2.10 Features of SF6 for high‐voltage equipmentTable 2.11 Maximum acceptable impurity levels for new gas are given in (IEC ...Table 2.12 Maximum acceptable impurity levels for technical grade SF6 (IEC 6...Table 2.13 Maximum acceptable impurity levels for reuse of SF6 with a low ra...Table 2.14 General measures when working with SF6 switchgear [51, 52]Table 2.15 Safety at work when accessing/entering gas compartments in elect...Table 2.16 Methods for storage of SF6 [51, 52]Table 2.17 Containers for transportation [51, 52]Table 2.18 Stored SF6 in GIS [51, 52]Table 2.19 Man‐made greenhouse emissions in 1999 [51, 52]