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Table of Contents
1 COVER
4 PREFACE
7 SECTION 1: THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL 1 A LOOK AT CELLS AND TISSUES ONLY TWO TYPES OF CELL VIRUSES ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS CELL SPECIALIZATION IN ANIMALS STEM CELLS AND TISSUE REPLACEMENT THE CELL WALL MICROSCOPES REVEAL CELL STRUCTURE FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS THOUGHT QUESTION 2 MEMBRANES AND ORGANELLES BASIC PROPERTIES OF CELL MEMBRANES ORGANELLES BOUNDED BY DOUBLE‐MEMBRANE ENVELOPES ORGANELLES BOUNDED BY SINGLE MEMBRANES THE CONNECTED CELL FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS THOUGHT QUESTION
8 SECTION 2: THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 3 DNA STRUCTURE AND THE GENETIC CODE THE STRUCTURE OF DNA DNA AS THE GENETIC MATERIAL PACKAGING OF DNA MOLECULES INTO CHROMOSOMES THE GENETIC CODE FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS THOUGHT QUESTION 4 DNA AS A DATA STORAGE MEDIUM DNA REPLICATION PROTEINS OPEN UP THE DNA DOUBLE HELIX DURING REPLICATION BIOCHEMISTRY OF DNA REPLICATION DNA REPAIR AFTER REPLICATION GENE STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION IN EUKARYOTES GENE NOMENCLATURE FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS THOUGHT QUESTION 5 TRANSCRIPTION AND THE CONTROLOF GENE EXPRESSION STRUCTURE OF RNA RNA POLYMERASE GENE NOTATION BACTERIAL RNA SYNTHESIS CONTROL OF BACTERIAL GENE EXPRESSION EUKARYOTIC RNA SYNTHESIS CONTROL OF EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION NONCODING RNAs AND THE CONTROL OF EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS THOUGHT QUESTION 6 MANUFACTURING PROTEIN ATTACHMENT OF AN AMINO ACID TO ITS tRNA THE RIBOSOME BACTERIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS EUKARYOTIC PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IS A LITTLE MORE COMPLEX ANTIBIOTICS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROTEIN DESTRUCTION FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS THOUGHT QUESTION 7 PROTEIN STRUCTURE NAMING PROTEINS POLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS OTHER AMINO ACIDS ARE FOUND IN NATURE THE THREE‐DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF PROTEINS LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY PROSTHETIC GROUPS