OR REPAIRING THE GENE TAILORING TREATMENT TO THE PATIENT'S LESION NEW TREATMENTS FOR CF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR CF CONCLUSION FURTHER READING REVIEW QUESTIONS THOUGHT QUESTIONS
12 ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONSANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
13 GLOSSARY
14 INDEX
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1TABLE 1.1. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2 Chapter 3TABLE 3.1. Numbers of predicted protein‐coding genes in various organisms.
3 Chapter 6TABLE 6.1. Allowed combinations at the wobble base.
4 Chapter 8TABLE 8.1. Vectors Used for Cloning Genomic DNATABLE 8.2. Blotting Techniques
5 Chapter 9TABLE 9.1. Typical concentrations for five important ions in mammalian cyt...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Dimensions of some example cells. 1 mm = 10−3 m; 1 μm = 1...Figure 1.2. Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Figure 1.3. The tree of life. The diagram shows the currently accepted view...Figure 1.4. Transmission electron micrograph of a capillary blood vessel ru...Figure 1.5. Different types of animal cells.Figure 1.6. Tissues and structures of the intestine wall.Figure 1.7. Scanning electron micrograph of airway epithelium.Figure 1.8. Basic design of a light microscope.Figure 1.9. A simple upright light microscope.Figure 1.10. Cultured human cells on a hemocytometer grid under bright‐fiel...Figure 1.11. Cell structure as seen through light and transmission electron...Figure 1.12. Preparation of tissue for electron microscopy.Figure 1.13. (a) Basic design of a fluorescence light microscope. (b–d) Cul...Figure 1.14. Super‐resolution microscopy. Fluorescence image of the surface...Figure 1.15. (a) Fluorescence microscope image of two‐cell mouse embryo exp...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Membranes comprise a lipid bilayer plus integral and peripheral...Figure 2.2. Small uncharged molecules can pass through membranes by simple ...Figure 2.3. The nucleus and the relationship of its membranes to those of t...Figure 2.4. The mitochondrion.Figure 2.5. Electron micrographs showing contact sites between the endoplas...Figure 2.6. Gap junctions allow solute and electrical current to pass from ...Figure 2.7. Not all connexins are compatible. A √ indicates a working gap j...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Adenine nucleotides. (a) Deoxyadenosine triphosphate. The H on ...Figure 3.2. The four bases found in DNA.Figure 3.3. The phosphodiester bond and the sugar‐phosphate backbone of DNA...Figure 3.4. The DNA double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds.Figure 3.5. How DNA is packaged into chromosomes.Figure 3.6. A spread of human chromosomes (at metaphase – see page 236). Th...Figure 3.7. Amino acids and the peptide bond.Figure 3.8. DNA makes RNA makes protein: the central dogma of molecular bio...Figure 3.9. The genetic code. Amino acid side chains are shown in alphabeti...Figure 3.10. Reading frames. The genetic code is read in blocks of three.Figure 3.11. Mutations that alter the sequence of bases.
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. DNA replication. The helicases, and the replication fork, are m...Figure 4.2. DNA polymerase III can correct its own mistakes.Figure 4.3. Mismatch repair of DNA.Figure 4.4. Spontaneous reactions corrupt the DNA database.Figure 4.5. Formation of a thymine dimer in DNA.Figure 4.6. Base excision repair.Figure 4.7. The human α‐and β‐globin gene family clusters. ψ indicates a ps...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. RNA contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil in place of ...Figure 5.2. Synthesis of an RNA strand.Figure 5.3. Numbering on a DNA sequence.Figure 5.4. (a) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter to form the closed pro...Figure 5.5. Rho‐independent transcription termination in Escherichia coli....Figure