451
470 452
471 453
472 454
473 455
474 456
475 457
476 458
477 459
478 460
479 461
480 462
481 463
482 464
483 465
484 466
485 467
486 468
487 469
488 470
489 471
490 472
491 473
492 474
493 475
494 476
495 477
496 478
497 479
498 480
499 481
500 482
501 483
502 484
503 485
504 486
505 487
506 488
507 489
508 490
509 491
510 492
511 493
512 494
513 495
514 496
Notes on Contributors
Wilfred Beckerman formerly of University College London, London, UK (deceased)
Frederick Bird University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Murray Bookchin formerly of Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, USA(deceased)
Michael Boylan Marymount University, Arlington, USA
Randall Curren University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
Herman E. Daly University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Geert Demuijnck EDHEC Business School, Roubaix, France
Stephen Gardiner University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Alan Gewirth formerly of the University of Chicago, Chicago, USA (deceased)
Michael Goldsby Washington State University, Pullman, USA
Ben Hale University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Garrett Hardin formerly of the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA (deceased)
Ruth Irwin University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Dale Jamieson New York University, New York, USA
Carl Kock IE University, Madrid, Spain
Avery Kolers University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
Aldo Leopold formerly of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, USA (deceased)
David E. McClean Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
Carolyn Merchant formerly of the University of California, Berkeley, USA
Seumas Miller currently holding positions at Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia; University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Arne Naess formerly University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (deceased)
Bryan Norton Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), Atlanta, USA
Onora O’Neill formerly of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Tom Regan formerly of North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA (deceased)
Holmes Rolston III formerly of Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
Mark Seabright Western Ontario University, London, Canada
Peter Singer Princeton University, Princeton, USA; and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
James P. Sterba University of Notre Dame, Notre Dam, USA
Brian K. Steverson Gonzaga University, Spokane, USA
Paul W. Taylor formerly of Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, USA (deceased)
Wanda Teays Mount Saint Mary’s University, Los Angeles, USA
Janna Thompson formerly of La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
Steve Vanderheiden University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Karen J. Warren Macalester College, St Paul, USA
Mary Anne Warren formerly of San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA (deceased)
Barbara Wien American University, Washington, DC, USA
Preface to the Third Edition
In 2007 when I was a senior research fellow at the Center for American Progress, a progressive policy think tank in Washington, DC., I spent some time on the Environmental Policy Team. This team had as it goal the creation of various papers that would be listed on the Center’s website and be distributed to appropriate committees in Congress to influence public policy.
At the time it did seem like the country and the world was on the way to combatting the causes of global warming: CO2 and other chemical emissions that were creating a “greenhouse” effect that was moving us to climate disaster. In 2009 there was the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference in which plans were laid for creating a cooperative international structure for implementing some of the policy recommendations of the Kyoto Protocol (1997).1 Progress was made to identify options for various countries to play their part in this project (the details to be negotiated later) and a goal was set to respond to climate change in the short and long term. To this end, a “red line” was established to avoid allowing the average global temperature to rise 2° Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
Procedurally, developed countries like the