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Fractures in the Horse


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      173 173 Richardson, D.W. (2008). Less invasive techniques for equine fracture repair and arthrodesis. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. 24: 177–189.

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      176 176 Watkins, J.P. (2006). Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of long bone fractures in foals. Clin Tech Equine Prac. 5: 296–308.

      177 177 Barclay, W.P., Foerner, J.J., and Phillips, T.N. (1985). Axial sesamoid injuries associated with lateral condylar fractures in horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 186:278–279.

      178 178 Watkins, J.P., Glass, K.G., and Kümmerle, J.M. (2019). Radius and Ulna. In: Equine Surgery, 5e (eds. J.A. Auer, J.A. Stick, J.M. Kümmerle and T. Prange), 1667–1689. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

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      180 180 Nixon, A.J. (2019). General considerations for fracture repair. In: Equine Fracture Repair, 2e (ed. A.J. Nixon), 35–43. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

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      190 190 Morgan, R. and Dyson, S. (2012). Incomplete longitudinal fractures and fatigue injury of the proximopalmar medial aspect of the third metacarpal bone in 55 horses. Equine Vet. J. 44: 64–70.

      191 191 Rose, P.L., Watkins, J.P., and Auer, J.A. (1984). Femoral fracture repair complicated by vascular injury in a foal. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 185: