Татьяна Камалова

Основы маркетинга


Скачать книгу

id="n_1">

      1

      Друкер П. Энциклопедия менеджмента. М.: Вильямс, 2004. С. 41.#

      2

      Детский фонд ООН (англ. United Nations Children’s Fund – UNICEF) – международная организация, действующая под эгидой Организации Объединенных Наций.

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