has only two rulers. A year after the death of his father, Richard Cromwell understands that he can not cope with the management of the state that has not cooled down after the hot civil wars and, recalling the sad story of Charles Stewart, resigns.
…The son of the head of the king who has lost his head, Charles II returns to the throne. The classical monarchy is restored.
…Wilhelm Third of Orange, ruler of the Netherlands, won the sympathy of the inhabitants of Great Britain, invited them to the office of king. With him, culture (Swift), science (Newton) and the social order (Bill of Rights) are experiencing an unprecedented rise. Among other things, Wilhelm meets Peter the Great in both his possessions, England and the Netherlands.
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1. Mary I Stuart, Queen of Scotland, since 16 years of the wife of the King of France, Francis II. Granddaughter of the best King of England, Henry the Seventh. The second marriage, after the death of Francis from the disease – in 6 years, with a cousin, nineteen Henry Stewart. The second husband disappoints the queen, as a result of some unresolved events, he dies. The third marriage – with the likely murderer of the king, a certain Count of Botvel, deprives Maria Stuart of authority among her subjects. The Lords raise uprising, Botvell withdraws, the Queen signs a renunciation in favor of the (only) son from the last spouse, Jacob the Sixth. Then she gets involved in a new confrontation with the Scottish lords, loses and flies to England, behind the protection of Queen Elizabeth the First. Here she is kept with a considerable staff of servants, in honor and contentment, however, is involved in correspondence with people who want to physically eliminate Elizabeth. The conspiracy is revealed.
Maria, who continues to insist on her rights to the throne, is executed at the age of 44, but, judging by the death mask, she «perfectly preserved» for her time.
2. Charles the First, the first executed by the people and the parliament king (1600 – 1649).
3. Oliver Cromwell, Lord General, Lord Protector, «People’s Politician» of England (1599 – 1658). He died of malaria and typhus.
4. Wilhelm Hendrik, Prins van Oranje, the English king, according to the assurances of British historians, the best of its kind (1650 – 1702). On the mother – sister of Charles the Second, Maria Henriette – the son of the Stuarts, on the father – belongs to the Oran dynasty (the Netherlands). He is married to his cousin, again, to Maria Stuart. Children in this marriage do not. He died from pneumonia.
5. George Villiers, title – Duke of Buckingham (1st Duke of Buckingham), 1592 – 1628. Favorite of Jacob the First. It is called by the king in intimate letters that «wife», then «husband». Zakolot John Felton, the English puritan, the prototype of the hero of the popular novel A. Dumas, for some of their moral and ethical considerations.
6. Queen of Great Britain and Ireland Victoria (Victoria), 1819 – 1901. Under her reign, the British Empire reaches its climax. England – at the forefront of the attack of the civilizing actions of the white man, protecting the native population from his even more cruel rulers. Victoria expresses the passionate aspirations of her subjects with these words: «It is not in our customs to annex countries, if we are not obliged and forced to do so.»
7. Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain since 1952 (same time and picture). The husband is Prince Consort of Great Britain Philippe, Duke of Edinburgh, Field Marshal. Refused the title of Prince of Greece and Prince of Denmark, accepted British citizenship. In 2016 he will be 96 years old.
…Hanoverian House. According to the new Act on Succession to Throne, the path to the throne is blocked by Catholics, who are in some kind of kinship with the Stuarts. In these conditions, the representatives of the German family of Welfs, who for a long time ruled Braunschweig and, accordingly, his capital, Hanover, are called upon. The names of the first four kings are «Georg», so the time of the reign of this dynasty is called the Georgian era.
After experiencing several attempts, Queen Victoria, the last of this dynasty, reigns longer than all monarchs, sixty-four years old. Nine children of the «grandmother of Europe», princes and princesses, confirm the agreement between the majority of European dynasties. The Victorian era, from the first third to the end of the nineteenth century, is the golden age of Great Britain. A kind of anthem of the passionate colonialist and missionary activities of the Anglo-Saxons («The burden of the white man») is the poem known to us most of all by Mowgli, the English writer Rudyard Kipling «If».
…The son of Victoria and the German Prince Albert, Edward the Seventh, becomes the founder of the Saxe-Coburg-Gothic dynasty. In 1917, during the war with Germany, the foreign dynasty name, for obvious reasons, was changed to Windsor, from the name of Windsor Castle. Queen Elizabeth II, daughter of George the Sixth, as of 2016, is in good health, married to the Greek prince Philip, has four children located to continue the dynasty.
Dynasty of Genghisides
Temujin («Blacksmith»), Genghis Khan, the year of birth of 1055 or 1062 – the founder of the largest in the history of the continental empire. Recall: the largest, distributed across the planet colonial empire – British, 1918, an area of 42.75 million square meters. km. (despite the fact that a century earlier, under its control, the United States came out), the greatest continental monarchy – Russia – the territory of 23.7 million square meters. km in 1866. The area of the Mongolian empire is 38 million square kilometers.
Childhood of the future conqueror is marked by adversity, captivity, humiliation. The main stages of growing up are fraternizing with a certain Jamuqa, then a long struggle against this named brother, a victory, the proclamation of Temujin by the great khan – Kagan. At the same time, the conqueror obtains the title «Genghis Khan» – «Lord of the boundless sea». New orders are mixed by clans, tribes, nomads; According to Yasa, the people are divided into hundreds, thousands and tugens (tens of thousands). People, now called in one word – «arats», are attached to the ground and, in effect, are enslaved. In 1207, the southern part of Siberia was conquered. 1213 was marked by the invasion of China (state and dynasty – Jin). The next target is Central Asia, Northern Iran, and the Caucasus. The Baghdad Caliphate and the state of Khorezmshah are entrenched. On the river Kalka (present Donetsk region), the combined Russian and Polovtsian forces are defeated. Then, subjected to attacks from ambushes, the Mongolian troops are defeated in the so-called. The Volga Bulgaria. Six years later they return and restore their reputation.
The goal of most military campaigns at that time was simply war, self-expression of the individual through destruction and murder. Often to substantiate large-scale incursions, embassies are used from people sentenced to death for any crimes; they are supposed to provoke an enemy army to destroy their own delegation. The killing of ambassadors is the best reason for unleashing a conflict.
In 1225, the most famous son of Genghis Khan, Juchi, is killed, accused of treason. The next year Temujin passes with the army once again over Western China, finally conquers the Celestial Empire, but, in 1227, dies. The successor is the son of Ugedei, from his first wife, Borte.
The son of Juchi, Batu (Batu), almost completely destroys Southern Russia, turning