Стивен Кови

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People


Скачать книгу

heavy recession, and the negative impact on this particular industry was even heavier than on the economy in general. These people were fairly discouraged as we began.

      The first day, our discussion question was “What’s happening to us? What’s the stimulus?” Many things were happening. The environmental pressures were powerful. There was widespread unemployment, and many of these people were laying off friends just to maintain the viability of their enterprises. By the end of the day, everyone was even more discouraged.

      The second day, we addressed the question, “What’s going to happen in the future?” We studied environmental trends with the underlying reactive assumption that those things would create their future. By the end of the second day, we were even more depressed. Things were going to get worse before they got better, and everyone knew it.

      So on the third day, we decided to focus on the proactive question, “What is our response? What are we going to do? How can we exercise initiative in this situation?” In the morning we talked about managing and reducing costs. In the afternoon we discussed increasing market share. We brainstormed both areas, then concentrated on several very practical, very doable things. A new spirit of excitement, hope, and proactive awareness concluded the meetings.

      At the very end of the third day, we summarized the results of the conference in a three-part answer to the question, “How’s business?”

      • • •

      Now what would a reactive mind say to that? “Oh, come on. Face facts. You can only carry this positive thinking and self-psych approach so far. Sooner or later you have to face reality.”

      But that’s the difference between positive thinking and proactivity. We did face reality. We faced the reality of the current circumstance and of future projections. But we also faced the reality that we had the power to choose a positive response to those circumstances and projections. Not facing reality would have been to accept the idea that what’s happening in our environment had to determine us.

      Businesses, community groups, organizations of every kind—including families—can be proactive. They can combine the creativity and resourcefulness of proactive individuals to create a proactive culture within the organization. The organization does not have to be at the mercy of the environment; it can take the initiative to accomplish the shared values and purposes of the individuals involved.

      LISTENING TO OUR LANGUAGE

      Because our attitudes and behaviors flow out of our paradigms, if we use our self-awareness to examine them, we can often see in them the nature of our underlying maps. Our language, for example, is a very real indicator of the degree to which we see ourselves as proactive people.

      The language of reactive people absolves them of responsibility.

      “That’s me. That’s just the way I am.” I am determined. There’s nothing I can do about it.

      “He makes me so mad!” I’m not responsible. My emotional life is governed by something outside my control.

      “I can’t do that. I just don’t have the time.” Something outside me—limited time—is controlling me.

      “If only my wife were more patient.” Someone else’s behavior is limiting my effectiveness.

      “I have to do it.” Circumstances or other people are forcing me to do what I do. I’m not free to choose my own actions.

      That language comes from a basic paradigm of determinism. And the whole spirit of it is the transfer of responsibility. I am not responsible, not able to choose my response.

      One time a student asked me, “Will you excuse me from class? I have to go on a tennis trip.”

      “You have to go, or you choose to go?” I asked.

      “I really have to,” he exclaimed.

      “What will happen if you don’t?”

      “Why, they’ll kick me off the team.”

      “How would you like that consequence?”

      “I wouldn’t.”

      “In other words, you choose to go because you want the consequence of staying on the team. What will happen if you miss my class?”

      “I don’t know.”

      “Think hard. What do you think would be the natural consequence of not coming to class?”

      “You wouldn’t kick me out, would you?”

      “That would be a social consequence. That would be artificial. If you don’t participate on the tennis team, you don’t play. That’s natural. But if you don’t come to class, what would be the natural consequence?”

      “I guess I’ll miss the learning.”

      “That’s right. So you have to weigh that consequence against the other consequence and make a choice. I know if it were me, I’d choose to go on the tennis trip. But never say you have to do anything.”

      “I choose to go on the tennis trip,” he meekly replied.

      “And miss my class?” I replied in mock disbelief.

      • • •

      A serious problem with reactive language is that it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. People become reinforced in the paradigm that they are determined, and they produce evidence to support the belief. They feel increasingly victimized and out of control, not in charge of their life or their destiny. They blame outside forces—other people, circumstances, even the stars—for their own situation.

      • • •

      At one seminar where I was speaking on the concept of proactivity, a man came up and said, “Stephen, I like what you’re saying. But every situation is so different. Look at my marriage. I’m really worried. My wife and I just don’t have the same feelings for each other we used to have. I guess I just don’t love her anymore and she doesn’t love me. What can I do?”

      “The feeling isn’t there anymore?” I asked.

      “That’s right,” he reaffirmed. “And we have three children we’re really concerned about. What do you suggest?”

      “Love her,” I replied.

      “I told you, the feeling just isn’t there anymore.”

      “Love her.”

      “You don’t understand. The feeling of love just isn’t there.”

      “Then love her. If the feeling isn’t there, that’s a good reason to love her.”

      “But how do you love when you don’t love?”

      “My friend, love is a verb. Love—the feeling—is a fruit of love, the verb. So love her. Serve her. Sacrifice. Listen to her. Empathize. Appreciate. Affirm her. Are you willing to do that?”

      • • •

      In the great literature of all progressive societies, love is a verb. Reactive people make it a feeling. They’re driven by feelings. Hollywood has generally scripted us to believe that we are not responsible, that we are a product of our feelings. But the Hollywood script does not describe the reality. If our feelings control our actions, it is because we have abdicated our responsibility and empowered them to do so.

      Proactive people make love a verb. Love is something you do: the sacrifices you make, the giving of self, like a mother bringing a newborn into the world. If you want to study love, study those who sacrifice for others, even for people who offend or do not love in return. If you are a parent, look at the love you have for the children you sacrificed for. Love is a value that is actualized through loving actions. Proactive people subordinate feelings to values. Love, the feeling, can be recaptured.

      Another excellent