and as he is an upright man asked for some punishment--and Padre Damaso was transferred to a better town. That's all there is to it. Now your Reverence can make your distinctions."
So saying, he withdrew from the group.
"I'm sorry that I inadvertently brought up so delicate a subject," said Padre Sibyla sadly. "But, after all, if there has been a gain in the change of towns--"
"How is there to be a gain? And what of all the things that are lost in moving, the letters, and the--and everything that is mislaid?"
interrupted Fray Damaso, stammering in the vain effort to control his anger.
Little by little the party resumed its former tranquillity. Other guests had come in, among them a lame old Spaniard of mild and inoffensive aspect leaning on the arm of an elderly Filipina, who was resplendent in frizzes and paint and a European gown. The group welcomed them heartily, and Doctor De Espadana and his senora, the Doctora Dona Victorina, took their seats among our acquaintances. Some newspaper reporters and shopkeepers greeted one another and moved about aimlessly without knowing just what to do.
"But can you tell me, Senor Laruja, what kind of man our host is?" inquired the rubicund youth. "I haven't been introduced to him
yet."
"They say that he has gone out. I haven't seen him either."
"There's no need of introductions here," volunteered Fray Damaso. "Santiago is made of the right stuff."
[14]"No, he's not the man who invented gunpowder,"10 added Laruja.
"You too, Senor Laruja," exclaimed Dona Victorina in mild reproach, as she fanned herself. "How could the poor man invent gunpowder if, as is said, the Chinese invented it centuries ago?"
"The Chinese! Are you crazy?" cried Fray Damaso. "Out with you! A Franciscan, one of my Order, Fray What-do-you-call-him
Savalls,11 invented it in the--ah the seventh century!"
25
"A Franciscan? Well, he must have been a missionary in China, that Padre Savalls," replied the lady, who did not thus easily part from her beliefs.
"Schwartz,12 perhaps you mean, senora," said Fray Sibyla, without looking at her.
"I don't know. Fray Damaso said a Franciscan and I was only repeating."
"Well, Savalls or Chevas, what does it matter? The difference of a letter doesn't make him a Chinaman," replied the Franciscan in bad humor.
"And in the fourteenth century, not the seventh," added the Dominican in a tone of correction, as if to mortify the pride of the other friar.
"Well, neither does a century more or less make him a Dominican."
"Don't get angry, your Reverence," admonished Padre Sibyla, smiling. "So much the better that he did invent it so as to save his brethren the trouble."
"And did you say, Padre Sibyla, that it was in the fourteenth century?" asked Dona Victorina with great interest. "Was that before or
after Christ?"
Fortunately for the individual questioned, two persons entered the room. [15]
1 A similar picture is found in the convento at Antipolo.--Author's note.
2 A school of secondary instruction conducted by the Dominican Fathers, by whom it was taken over in 1640. "It had its first beginning in the house of a pious Spaniard, called Juan Geronimo Guerrero, who had dedicated himself, with Christian piety, to gathering orphan boys in his house, where he raised, clothed, and sustained them, and taught them to read and to write, and much more, to live in the fear of God."--Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands, Vol. XLV, p. 208.--TR.
3 The Dominican friars, whose order was founded by Dominic de Guzman.--TR.
4 In the story mentioned, the three monks were the old Roman god Bacchus and two of his satellites, in the disguise of Franciscan
friars,--TR.
5 According to a note to the Barcelona edition of this novel, Mendieta was a character well known in Manila, doorkeeper at the
Alcaldia, impresario of children's theaters, director of a merry-go-round, etc.--TR.
6 See Glossary.
7 The "tobacco monopoly" was established during the administration of Basco de Vargas (1778-1787), one of the ablest governors Spain sent to the Philippines, in order to provide revenue for the local government and to encourage agricultural development. The operation of the monopoly, however, soon degenerated into a system of "graft" and petty abuse which bore heartily upon the natives (see Zuniga's Estadismo), and the abolition of it in 1881 was one of the heroic efforts made by the Spanish civil administrators to adjust the archaic colonial system to the changing conditions in the Archipelago.--TR.
8 As a result of his severity in enforcing the payment of sums due the royal treasury on account of the galleon trade, in which the religious orders were heavily interested, Governor Fernando de Bustillos Bustamente y Rueda met a violent death at the hands of
a mob headed by friars, October 11, 1719. See Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands, Vol. XLIV; Montero y Vidal, Historia
General de Filipinas, Vol. I, Chap. XXXV.--TR.
9 A reference to the fact that the clerical party in Spain refused to accept the decree of Ferdinand VII setting aside the Salic law and naming his daughter Isabella as his successor, and, upon the death of Ferdinand, supported the claim of the nearest male heir, Don Carlos de Bourbon, thus giving rise to the Carlist movement. Some writers state that severe measures had to be adopted to compel many of the friars in the Philippines to use the feminine pronoun in their prayers for the sovereign, just whom the reverend gentlemen expected to deceive not being explained.--TR.
10 An apothegm equivalent to the English, "He'll never set any rivers on fire."--TR.
11 The name of a Carlist leader in Spain.--TR.
12 A German Franciscan monk who is said to have invented gunpowder about 1330. [Contents]
Chapter II Crisostomo Ibarra
It was not two beautiful and well-gowned young women that attracted the attention of all, even including Fray Sibyla, nor was it his Excellency the Captain-General with his staff, that the lieutenant should start from his abstraction and take a couple of steps forward, or that Fray Damaso should look as if turned to stone; it was simply the original of the oil-painting leading by the hand a
26
young man dressed in deep mourning.
"Good evening, gentlemen! Good evening, Padre!" were the greetings of Capitan Tiago as he kissed the hands of the priests, who forgot to bestow upon him their benediction. The Dominican had taken off his glasses to stare at the newly arrived youth, while Fray Damaso was pale and unnaturally wide-eyed.
"I have the honor of presenting to you Don Crisostomo Ibarra, the son of my deceased friend," went on Capitan Tiago. "The young gentleman has just arrived from Europe and I went to meet him."
At the mention of the name exclamations were heard. The lieutenant forgot to pay his respects to his host and approached the
young man, looking him over from head to foot. The young man himself at that moment was exchanging the conventional greetings with all in the group, nor did there seem to be any thing extraordinary about him except his mourning garments in the center of that brilliantly lighted room. Yet in spite of them his remarkable stature, his features, and his movements breathed forth an air of healthy youthfulness in which both body and mind had equally developed. There might have been [16]noticed in his frank, pleasant face some faint traces of Spanish blood showing through a beautiful brown color, slightly flushed at the cheeks as a result perhaps of his residence in cold countries.
"What!" he exclaimed with joyful surprise, "the curate of my native town! Padre Damaso, my father's intimate friend!"
Every look in the room was directed toward the Franciscan, who made no movement. "Pardon me, perhaps I'm mistaken," added Ibarra, embarrassed.
"You are not mistaken," the friar was at last able to articulate