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Table of Contents
1 Cover
4 Preface
5 Part 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF ICE FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION 1 Factors Influencing the Formation, Adhesion, and Friction of Ice 1.1 A Brief History of Man and Ice 1.2 A Thermodynamically Designed Anti-Icing Surface 1.3 The Adhesion of Ice to Surfaces 1.4 The Sliding Friction of Ice 1.5 Summary References 2 Water and Ice Nucleation on Solid Surfaces 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classical Nucleation Theory 2.3 Prospects 2.4 Summary Acknowledgement References 3 Physics of Ice Nucleation and Growth on a Surface 3.1 Ice Nucleation 3.2 Ice Growth 3.3 Ice Bridging Phenomenon 3.4 Summary References 4 Condensation Frosting 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Why Supercooled Condensation? 4.3 Inter-Droplet Freeze Fronts 4.4 Dry Zones and Anti-Frosting Surfaces 4.5 Summary and Future Directions References 5 The Role of Droplet Dynamics in Condensation Frosting 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Nucleation 5.3 Growth 5.4 Coalescence and Sweeping 5.5 Regeneration or Re-Nucleation 5.6 Inception of Freezing 5.7 Freezing Front Propagation 5.8 Ice Bridging 5.9 Frost Growth and Densification 5.10 Concluding Discussion Acknowledgments References 6 Defrosting Properties of Structured Surfaces 6.1 Introduction: Defrosting on Smooth Surfaces 6.2 Defrosting Heat Exchangers 6.3 Dynamic Defrosting on Micro-Grooved Surfaces 6.4 Dynamic Defrosting on Liquid-Impregnated Surfaces 6.5 Dynamic Defrosting on Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Surfaces 6.6 Summary and Future Directions References
6 Part 2: ICE ADHESION AND ITS MEASUREMENT 7 On the Relationship between Surface Free Energy and Ice Adhesion of Flat Anti-Icing Surfaces 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types of Ice Formation 7.3 Work of Adhesion, Wettability and Surface Free Energy 7.4 Factors Affecting Ice Adhesion Strength and its Standardization 7.5 Effect of Water Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy Parameters on Ice Adhesion Strength 7.6 Summary References 8 Metrology of Ice Adhesion 8.1 Theory of Ice Adhesion to a Surface 8.2 Centrifugal Force Method 8.3 Peak Force Method 8.4 Tensile Force Method 8.5 Standard Procedure for Ice Adhesion Measurement 8.6 Summary References 9 Tensile and Shear Test Methods for Quantifying the Ice Adhesion Strength to a Surface Glossary 9.1 Introduction 9.2