| Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
| T.S. | Transition state | NA |
| Ts (Tos) | p‐Toluenesulfonyl |
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| TTN | Thallium(III) trinitrate | Tl(NO3)3 |
| UHP | Urea–hydrogen peroxide complex |
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| Z (Cbz) | Benzyloxycarbonyl |
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Polarity of Solvents
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Common Solvents in Chemistry
| Solvent | Formula | MW | Boiling point (°C) | Density (g/ml) | Solubility in water (g/100 g) | Dielectric constant |
| Acetic acid | C2H4O2 | 60.052 | 118 | 1.044 | Miscible | 6.20 |
| Acetone | C3H6O | 58.078 | 56 | 0.784 | Miscible | 21.01 |
| Acetonitrile | C2H3N | 41.052 | 81 | 0.785 | Miscible | 36.64 |
| Benzene | C6H6 | 78.110 | 80 | 0.876 | 0.18 | 2.28 |
| 1‐Butanol | C4H10O | 74.120 | 117 | 0.809 | 6.3 | 17.8 |
| 2‐Butanol | C4H10O | 74.120 | 99 | 0.806 | 15 | 17.26 |
| tert‐Butanol | C4H10O | 74.12 | 82 | 0.788 | Miscible | 12.5 |
| 2‐Butanone | C4H8O | 72.11 | 79 | 0.799 | 25.6 | 18.6 |
| Carbon disulfide | CS2 | 76.13 | 46 | 1.274 | 1.266 | |
| Carbon tetrachloride | CCl4 | 153.82 | 76 | 1.594 | 0.08 | — |
| Chlorobenzene | C6H5Cl | 112.56 | 131 | 1.105 | 0.05 | 5.69 |
| Chloroform | CHCl3 | 119.38 | 61 | 1.478 | 0.79 | 4.81 |
| Cyclohexane | C6H12 | 84.16 | 80 | 0.773 | 0.005 | 2.02 |
| 1,2‐Dichloroethane | C2H4Cl2 | 98.96 | 83 | 1.245 | 0.86 | 10.42 |
| Diethylene glycol | C4H10O3 | 106.12 | 246 | 1.119 | 10 | 31.8 |
| Diethyl ether | C4H10O | 74.12 | 34 | 0.713 | 7.5 | 4.26 |
| Diglyme | C6H14O3 | 134.17 | 162 | 0.943 |
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