Table of Contents 1
Cover
2
1 General Introduction: Smart Materials, Sensors, and Actuators
1.1 Smart System
1.2 Device Application of Ferroelectric Materials
1.3 Device Application of Ferromagnetic Materials
1.4 Ferroelastic Material and Device Application
1.5 Scope of This Book
References
3
2 Introduction to Ferroelectrics
2.1 What Is Ferroelectrics?
2.2 Origin of Ferroelectrics
2.3 Theory of Ferroelectric Phase Transition
2.4 Ferroelectric Domains and Domain Switching
2.5 Ferroelectric Materials
2.6 Ferroelectric Domain and Phase Field Calculation
References
4
3 Device Applications of Ferroelectrics
3.1 Ferroelectric Random‐Access Memory
3.2 Ferroelectric Tunneling Non‐volatile Memory
3.3 Pyroelectric Effect and Infrared Sensor Application
3.4 Application in Microwave Device
3.5 Ferroelectric Photovoltaics
3.6 Electrocaloric Effect
References
5
4 Ferroelectric Characterizations
4.1 P–E Loop Measurement
4.2 Temperature‐Dependent Dielectric Permittivity Measurement
4.3 Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM)
4.4 Structural Characterization
4.5 Domain Imaging and Polarization Mapping by Transmission Electron Microscopy
References
6
5 Recent Advances in Ferroelectric Research
5.1 Size Limit of Ferroelectricity
5.2 Ferroelectricity in Emerging 2D Materials
5.3 Ferroelectric Vortex
5.4 Molecular Ferroelectrics
5.5 Ferroelectricity in HfO2 and ZrO2 Fluorite Oxide Thin Films
5.6 Ferroic Properties in Hybrid Perovskites
References
7
6 Piezoelectric Effect: Basic Theory
6.1 General Introduction to Piezoelectric Effect
6.2 Piezoelectric Constant Measurement
6.3 Equivalent Circuit
6.4 Characterization of Piezoelectric Resonator Based on a Resonance Technique
References
8
7 Piezoelectric Devices
7.1 Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers
7.2 Ultrasonic Motor
7.3 Surface Acoustics Wave Devices
References
9
8 Ferromagnetics: From Material to Device
8.1 General Introduction to Ferromagnetics
8.2 Ferromagnetic Phase Transition: Landau Free‐Energy Theory
8.3 Domain and Domain Wall
8.4 Magnetoresistance Effect and Device
8.5 Magnetostrictive Effect and Device Applications
8.6 Characterizations of Ferromagnetism
8.7 Hall Effect
References
10
9 Multiferroics: Single Phase and Composites
9.1 Introduction on Multiferroic
9.2 Magnetoelectric Effect
9.3 Why Are There so Few Magnetic Ferroelectrics?
9.4 Single Phase Multiferroic Materials
9.5 ME Composite Materials
9.6 Modeling the Interfacial Coupling in Multilayered ME Thin Film
References
11
10 Device Application of Multiferroics
10.1 ME Composite Devices
10.2 Memory Devices Based on Multiferroic Thin Films
