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Power Electronics-Enabled Autonomous Power Systems
Next Generation Smart Grids
Qing-Chang Zhong Illinois Institute of Technology & Syndem LLC Chicago, USA
This edition first published 2020
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To
Ms. Lihua Luo, my first‐grade teacher, who told me:
“you have nothing but potential. Keep moving forward. Never stop.”
and
Ms. Xiufen Lin, my third‐grade teacher, who told me:
“you have nothing but do not envy others.”
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Structure of the book.
Figure 2.1 Examples of divisive opinions in a democratized society.
Figure 2.2 The sinusoid‐locked loop (SLL) that explains the inherent synchronization mechanism of a synchronous machine.
Figure 2.3 Estimated electricity consumption in the US.
Figure 2.4 A two‐port virtual synchronous machine (VSM).
Figure 2.5 SYNDEM grid architecture based on the synchronization mechanism of synchronous machines (Zhong 2016b, 2017e).
Figure 2.6 A SYNDEM home grid.
Figure 2.7 A SYNDEM neighborhood grid.
Figure 2.8 A SYNDEM community grid.
Figure 2.9 A SYNDEM district grid.
Figure 2.10 A SYNDEM regional grid.
Figure 2.11 The iceberg of power system challenges and solutions.
Figure 2.12 The frequency regulation capability of a VSM connected the UK public grid.
Figure 3.1 Illustrations of the imaginary operator and the ghost operator.
Figure 3.2 The system pair that consists of the original system and its ghost.
Figure 3.3 Illustration of the ghost power theory.
Figure