1 PrefaceFigure P.1 Measured temperature anomalies during 2014 referring to the avera...Figure P.2 CO2 variation and increase [2] during the past 800 000 years.Figure P.3 Possible emissions pathways [5], billions of metric tons of CO2....Figure P.4 Divergent scenarios [5] for atmospheric CO2 in parts per million ...Figure P.5 Electric power (generation and consumption) requirements in Germa...Figure P.6 The breakup of China's southern power grid due to the concentrati... 2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Combined heat and (electric) power (CHP) plant.Figure 1.2 Definition of a (Carnot) cycle. The vertical y‐axis represents th...Figure 1.3 Carnot (piston) machine.Figure 1.4 (a) Summary of (pTV) diagram of Carnot cycle [7]. (b) Heat flow i...Figure E1.1.1 Adiabatic calculations for the determination of input and outp...Figure 1.5 (a) Rankine cycle. (b) (Ts) diagram of Rankine cycle. Below the s...Figure 1.6 (a) Brayton cycle. (b) (pV) diagram of Brayton cycle, where s is ...Figure 1.7 (a) (pV) diagram of Ericsson cycle, where T is parameter. (b) (TsFigure 1.8 (a) Theoretical (th) efficiency characteristics ηth of diese...Figure E1.2.1 Components of the CHP Dobbiaco–San Candido, Italy.Figure 1.9 (a) Schematic of heat pump. (b) Operating principle of a heat pum...Figure 1.10 Representative types of water turbines [20, 23–25].Figure 1.11 Wind power farm.Figure 1.12 (a) Growth of solar‐heating power plants in Germany [32]. (b) Ut...Figure E1.6.1 (a) High‐efficiency, single‐family dwelling with PV system and...Figure E1.6.2 Energy disclosure for single‐family dwelling of Figure E1.6.1a...Figure E1.6.3 Weekly average energy readings per day for EIi, EGi, EHCi, and...Figure E1.6.4 Maximum possible hours of sunshine in Munich in particular on ...Figure E1.6.5 Reduction of generation of PV modules from 2014 to 2018, where...Figure E1.7.1 One smartphone (including its use of transmission towers) can ...Figure E1.7.2 Presently permitted general “electro‐smog” limit values for 2....Figure E1.7.3 Recommended precautionary “electro‐smog” limit values for 2100...Figure 1.13 Capacity factors for assorted energy systems.Figure 1.14 (a) Charged capacitor with electrons endowed [49] with voltage vFigure E1.8.1 Arrangement of three charges along the x‐axis.Figure E1.8.2 Calculation of force applied to q1.Figure E1.8.3 Calculation of force applied to q2.Figure E1.8.4 Calculation of force applied to q3.Figure E1.8.5 Force distribution so that the resultant force acting on q2 is...Figure 1.15 Negative (e.g. electrons) and positive (e.g. atoms stripped of e...Figure 1.16 Voltage v causes electrons to move through load resistance R inc...Figure 1.17 Constant unipolar direct current (DC).Figure 1.18 Alternating current (AC) with frequency f.Figure E1.9.1 Heart pulsations of 12‐year‐old person with 82 bpm.Figure E1.9.2 Heart pulsations of a newborn with 150 bpm.Figure E1.10.1 View of the mountain range Drei Türme at the Swiss‐Austrian b...Figure E1.10.2 Changing bpm of an adult hiking up Drei Türme from minimum al...Figure E1.11.1 Hearing sound intensity as a function of frequency for a youn...Figure E1.11.2 Hearing area intensity as a function of frequency for a young...Figure 1.19 (a) Definition of voltage V1 = VA − VB as a function of voltages...Figure 1.20 Equivalent circuit for time‐dependent instantaneous voltages v(tFigure 1.21 Two equivalent circuits for DC voltage Vbat and current I.Figure 1.22 (a) Ideal passive DC circuit with either resistor R, capacitor CFigure 1.23 (a) Time‐independent DC and time‐dependent voltage sources. (b) ...Figure 1.24 (a) Current flow of a galvanic element consisting of Zn and Cu e...Figure 1.25 Conventional electrolysis.Figure 1.26 High‐temperature [67] electrolysis, where “v/%” stands for “volu...Figure E1.15.1 North–south cross section of Alpine foothills near Munich [73...Figure E1.15.2 Schematic of geothermal district heating plant in Messestadt ...Figure E1.16.1 Global distribution of modern groundwater depth.Figure E1.17.1 Depicts the controlled fusion [80] of hydrogen to helium atom...Figure E1.17.2 Wendelstein [79] fusion reactor, not yet operational.Figure E1.18.1 Illumination of Berlin as viewed from outer space [81].Figure P1.3.1 Block diagram of combustor, compressor, and steam turbine with...Figure P1.11.1 Arrangement of three charges in the x − y plane.Figure P1.19.1 Configuration of PV panels on residence and on garage. The ro...Figure 1.A.1 27 Rooftop 27 solar panels consisting of two independent DC cir...Figure 1.B.1 Basic elements of a power generation, transmission, and distrib...Figure 1.B.2 Generator with transformer inside the power plant fence, step‐u...Figure 1.B.3 Generation
